Calla lilies, wanda aka fi sani da lilies na ruwa, sanannen tsire-tsire ne a cikin duniyar aikin lambu saboda kyawunsu, juriyarsu, da sha'awar furannin su. 'Yan asali zuwa yankuna masu danshi na kudancin Afirka, calla lilies suna daidaitawa cikin sauƙi zuwa ga lambuna da sarari na cikin gida, yana mai da su cikakke don girma a cikin tukwane. Koyaya, don jin daɗin furanni masu ban sha'awa kuma kiyaye su lafiya har tsawon shekaru, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci takamaiman bukatunsu.
A cikin wannan cikakkiyar jagorar za ku gano cikakken cikakkun bayanai da asirin kula da potted calla lilies.Daga yanayin zafi mai kyau da yanayin haske, zaɓar mafi kyawun substrate, mitar shayarwa da hanya, hadi, yaduwa, kwaro da sarrafa cuta, zuwa yadda ake samun yalwar furanni da tsayi. Idan kuna son lilies ɗin ku ya haskaka a ciki da waje, ku kasance tare da mu akan wannan zurfafan kallon kowane fanni na noman su.
Asalin, ma'ana da manyan halaye na cove
La creek (Zantedeschia aethiopica) tsire-tsire ne na dangin Araceae. Hakanan aka sani da Lily na ruwa, calla lily, Habasha arum ko carthusian, sunanta na kimiyya yana girmama masanin ilimin halittu Francesco Zantedeschi. A Girkanci, m Yana nufin kyakkyawa, girmama lallausan siffofinsa.
An nuna shi manyan ganyen kore mai siffar kibiya, wanda ke fitowa kai tsaye daga ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwanƙwasa, adana kayan abinci na ƙarƙashin ƙasa rhizomes. Furen sa na gaskiya ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni da aka taru a kan spadix, kewaye da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira mai siffar rami wanda aka sani da spathe, wanda zai iya zama fari (mafi yawan gargajiya), rawaya, ruwan hoda, baki, purple, orange, ja, kore har ma da sautin biyu.
Tsawonsa na iya wuce mita ɗaya A ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau, yana ba da ƙamshi mai laushi, ɗan ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Wurin zama na halitta dausayi ne kusa da magudanar ruwa, saboda haka fifikonsa ga ƙasa mai sanyi mai wadatar kwayoyin halitta.
A matakin alama, cove yana wakiltar tsarki, kyakkyawa, rashin laifi da kamalaAna yawan ganin shi a cikin shirye-shiryen furanni don bukukuwan aure da abubuwan addini. Taurinsa da daidaitawa sun sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan mafi daraja a duka kayan ado da shimfidar wuri.
Cikakken zafin jiki da wuri don tukunyar calla lily
Domin calla lily ya bunƙasa kuma yayi girma sosai a cikin tukunya, ya zama dole a sake haifuwa kamar yadda zai yiwu yanayin asalinsa:
- Haske mai haske, kai tsayeCalla lilies na buƙatar haske mai yawa, amma tsawaita hasken rana kai tsaye, musamman a yanayin zafi, na iya lalata ganye da furanni. Da kyau, sanya su kusa da tagogi tare da labule, ko a waje a cikin wani ɗan ƙaramin inuwa inda suke samun haske mai tacewa. A cikin yanayin sanyi, ana iya fallasa su zuwa ƙarin haske kai tsaye, amma koyaushe guje wa sa'o'i mafi zafi.
- Mafi kyawun zafin jiki tsakanin 14 da 24 ° C a matsayin matsakaicin iyaka. Cove yana iya jurewa ƙananan ƙima lokaci-lokaci, amma baya goyan baya sanyi sanyiIdan akwai haɗarin ƙananan yanayin zafi, musamman a cikin tukunya, motsa shi cikin gida.
- Ka guji wurare masu iska ko wuraren da aka fallasa ga igiyoyin sanyiCove yana ƙin canje-canje kwatsam a cikin saurin iska da yawan iska. A ajiye shi a wuraren da aka keɓe.
Ka tuna: A cikin hunturu yana da kyau a sanya shi a cikin wuri mafi haske a cikin gidan, kuma ko da yana hutawa, ana iya rage buƙatar haskensa.
Substrate da malalewa: tushen lafiya tushen
Lafiyar rhizome da tushen su shine mabuɗin samun nasarar girmar akwati. Kalli lily Yana buƙatar danshi, mai dausayi kuma, sama da duka, magudanar ruwa mai kyau. don hana lalacewa.
- Madaidaicin abun da ke ciki: Mix a daidai sassa ƙasa lambun, peat ko takin, da perlite ko vermiculiteTa wannan hanyar, kuna ba da garantin riƙe danshi, abubuwan gina jiki, da iska.
- Ya kamata pH ya zama tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan acidic. (6-7). Ka guji ƙasan alkaline sosai.
- Haɗa Layer na tsakuwa ko faɗaɗa yumbu a ƙasan tukunyar don zubar da ruwa mai yawa.
- Inganci da sabuntawa na substrate yana da mahimmanciKowace shekara biyu, maye gurbin wasu ƙasa kuma a wadata ta da takin don kula da haihuwa da tsarin matsakaicin girma.
Ka guji ƙasƙan ƙasa mai ɗanɗano ko yumbu kuma a koyaushe ka guji zubar ruwa, wanda galibi shine babban dalilin matsalolin girma a gida.
Watering potted calla lilies: mita, ruwa, da tukwici
Ma'aunin ban ruwa yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan. Callas yana son ƙasa mai laushi waɗanda ba su taɓa bushewa ba., amma ba su yarda da wuce haddi ruwa a gindin tukunyar:
- Ruwa a kai a kai A lokacin girma girma (bazara da bazara), kiyaye substrate dan ɗanɗano tsakanin waterings. Koyaushe duba danshi ta hanyar saka yatsanka: idan saman saman ya bushe, lokaci yayi da ruwa.
- A cikin matakin fure na iya buƙatar ƙarin ruwa, musamman idan akwai yanayin zafi.
- Kamar yadda kaka, rage wateringA cikin hunturu, lokacin da tsire-tsire ya kwanta, shayarwa na lokaci-lokaci zai isa don hana substrate daga bushewa gaba ɗaya.
- Yi amfani koyaushe ruwa a dakin da zazzabi kuma babu sinadarin chlorine idan zai yiwu.
- A guji jika ganye da furanni Don hana naman gwari, ruwa kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa.
Trick: Sanya saucer a ƙarƙashin tukunya a lokacin mafi zafi kuma cire abin da ya wuce bayan minti 20. Wannan yana taimakawa riƙe danshi ba tare da haɗarin lalacewa ba.
Hadi da hadi: abubuwan gina jiki don furanni masu ban mamaki
El biyan kuɗi na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci Don tabbatar da girma mai ƙarfi da furanni masu yawa:
- A lokacin girma da flowering ( bazara da bazara), ya shafi daidaita ruwa taki (NPK) kowane kwanaki 15. Kuna iya musanya tsakanin takin mai magani da takin gargajiya kamar simintin tsutsa, takin, ko guano.
- Usa takin mai magani tare da phosphorus da potassium Don inganta furanni, guje wa takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen, wanda ke ba da fifiko ga ci gaban ganye don cutar da furanni.
- A lokacin kaka da hunturu, dakatar da hadi., ba da izinin lokacin hutu na yanayi.
- Yin wuce gona da iri na iya ƙone tushen da ganye. Koyaushe bi allurai da masana'anta suka nuna kuma kada ku haɗa nau'ikan taki da yawa lokaci guda.
Pruning, kiyayewa da dasa shuki potted calla lilies
El kiyayewa na yau da kullun Yana ba da damar tsawaita rayuwa da roko na ado na calla:
- Cire furannin da suka bushe da ganye masu launin rawaya ko lalacewa da zarar ka gano su. Wannan yana ƙarfafa bayyanar sabbin furanni kuma yana rage haɗarin kwari.
- A cikin kaka, aiwatar da pruning mai tsauri Yanke ganye a matakin ƙasa da zarar tsarin ciyayi ya ƙare. Wannan yana ba rhizome damar shiga yanayin barci kuma ya tara ajiyar kuɗi don kakar mai zuwa.
- Yi amfani da kayan aiki masu tsabta da kaifi koyaushe yanke. Calla lily sap na iya zama mai ban haushi: sa safofin hannu.
- Kowace shekara 2-3, sake mayar da calla zuwa tukunya mafi girma. ko sabunta substrate don guje wa raguwar abubuwan gina jiki.
Yada calla lilies a cikin tukwane: raba rhizomes da cuttings a cikin ruwa
Yada calla lilies abu ne mai sauƙi kuma yana ba ku damar sabunta samfurori ko raba su tare da dangi da abokai.
- Rhizome rabuwa: hanya mafi na kowaA ƙarshen flowering (yawanci a cikin kaka), cire tushen ball, a hankali raba rhizomes na biyu (tabbatar da cewa suna da tushen da harbe), da kuma dasa su a cikin tukwane daban-daban tare da ƙasa mai laushi. Ajiye a wuri mai kariya har sai girma ya faru.
- Yanke cikin ruwaYanke tushe mai lafiya tare da aƙalla toho ɗaya, cire ƙananan ganye, kuma sanya shi a cikin akwati mai tsabta, ruwan zafin ɗaki a wuri mai haske daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Canja ruwan kowane 'yan kwanaki. Idan tushen ya bayyana, a dasa shi cikin tukunya.
Duk hanyoyin biyu suna ba da garantin tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke da aminci ga nau'in farko.
Babban kwari da cututtuka na potted calla lilies
Kodayake calla lily yana da ƙarfi, akwai kwari da cututtuka da yawa waɗanda zasu iya shafar shi, musamman lokacin girma a cikin gida:
- Slugs da katantanwa: Suna cinye ganye mai laushi. Yi amfani da tarkuna na halitta, murkushe ƙwai a kusa da tukunyar, ko samfuran halitta.
- Aphids da mealybugs: Suna bayyana akan mai tushe da ganye, suna tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Yi amfani da sabulun potassium da aka diluted a cikin ruwa ko kwayoyin kwari. Cire mealybugs da hannu tare da auduga da barasa.
- Ja gizo-gizo: Yana haifar da ganyen rawaya da nama mara nauyi saboda ƙarancin zafi. Ƙara zafi da fesa ruwa a kan kewaye (ba a kan shuka ba).
- Fungi: mildew ko launin toka rot (Botrytis)Suna bayyana saboda matsanancin zafi, rashin samun iska, ko zubar ruwa. Cire wuraren da abin ya shafa, inganta magudanar ruwa, rage shayarwa, da amfani da fungicides na halitta idan ya cancanta.
Mabuɗin mahimmanciMafi kyawun rigakafin shine kiyaye shuka mai ƙarfi, tare da samun iska mai kyau da ganye mai tsabta. Bincika kowane sasanninta akai-akai, musamman ma gefen ganye.
Haɓaka furen furen calla lilies ɗinku
Babban abin jan hankali na calla lily shine furanninta. Don jin daɗin dogon furanni masu ban sha'awa, ku tuna:
- Yana tabbatar da wuri mai haske da zafin jiki mai laushi a duk cikin zagayowar aiki.
- Ruwa da taki akai-akai a lokacin girma, ba tare da barin substrate ya bushe ko ya zama ruwa ba.
- Cire furanni masu bushewa nan da nan don tura makamashi zuwa sabbin inflorescences.
- Kowane iri-iri yana da nasa salon salon furanni.Wasu lilies na calla suna fure a farkon watanni masu zafi na shekara, yayin da wasu ke ƙara fure har zuwa ƙarshen bazara har ma da kaka, ya danganta da yanayi da kulawa.
A karkashin yanayi mafi kyau, calla lilies na iya yin fure sau da yawa a kakar.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi Game da Kulawar Calla Lily Potted
- Wane girman tukunya suke bukata? Gilashin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 25-30 cm a diamita kuma zurfin isa (mafi ƙarancin 30 cm) don ba da damar haɓakar rhizome da adanawa. Idan shuka ya girma sosai, a sake saka shi cikin babban akwati.
- Kuna buƙatar zafi na yanayi? Duk da yake ba mahimmanci ba, calla lily yana godiya da yanayin danshi. A cikin busassun mahalli, sanya injin humidifier kusa ko sanya tukunyar a kan miya na tsakuwa da ruwa, kiyaye shi daga taɓa ƙasa.
- Me za a yi a cikin hunturu? A lokacin dormancy, calla lily ta daina girma. Rage ruwa sosai, dakatar da hadi, kuma, idan yanayin zafi ya ragu sosai, kawo shi cikin gida.
- Har yaushe wata tukunyar calla lily ke rayuwa? Tare da kulawa mai kyau, zai iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 10, yana fure kowane zagaye na ciyayi.
Babban nau'ikan da nau'ikan calla lilies don tukwane
- Farin kofa (Zantedeschia aethiopica): mafi al'ada, girman girman da farar fure, mai dacewa da amfani na cikin gida da waje.
- Yellow Cove (Elliottian Zantedeschia): ya yi fice don tsananin rawaya spathes da mottled ganye.
- Coves masu launi: hybrids tare da orange, ruwan hoda, purple, ja har ma da furanni baƙi.
- Dwarf cove (Zantedeschia albomaculata): m size, manufa domin kananan wurare.
Calla lilies suna ɗaya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu lada kuma masu ban sha'awa don girma a cikin tukwane, ko a cikin ɗakin ku, terrace, ko lambun ku. Zagayowar su na shekara-shekara, launuka iri-iri, sauƙin yaduwa, da ƙarancin kulawa ya sa su dace da masu farawa da ƙwararrun masu sha'awar sha'awa. Idan ka dubi su da kyau zafi bukatun, haske, na gina jiki y kariya daga kwari, Za ku ji daɗin ladabi da tsabta na furanninta na yanayi masu yawa, cika gidan ku da rayuwa da launi.