Kula da Echeverias Yana da wani aiki da kowa zai iya isa saboda taurinsa, amma don cimma shuke-shuke masu ban mamaki, yana da kyau a zurfafa cikin bukatunsu da takamaiman halaye. Wannan labarin ya kawo dukkan mahimman bayanan, don masu farawa da masana masu amfani, suna haÉ—e da bayanan mahimman bayanai, da kuma sirrin manyan jinsin da iri.
Menene Echeverias?
da echeveria Waɗannan su ne nau'in tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire iyali Crassulaceae, ɗan asalin ƙasar Mexico da sauran yankuna na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. An san su a duk duniya don kyawawan girma mai siffar rosette, wanda ke ba su damar adana ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki na jiki, maɓalli mai mahimmanci don tsira lokacin fari a cikin yanayin yanayin su.
A halin yanzu, nau'in ya ƙunshi fiye da 150 jinsunan da yawa cultivars da hybrids, tare da babban bambancin siffofi, girma da launuka. Echeverias yanzu ganye mai laushi, wani lokacin an rufe shi da gashi, wanda ke haɓaka babban kewayon inuwa: daga tsananin kore zuwa shuɗi, violet, launin toka, ruwan hoda ko launin ruwan kasa. Godiya ga wannan iri-iri da juriya, sun shahara sosai kamar tsire-tsire masu ado don amfanin gida da waje.
A zahiri, duk nau'ikan Echeveria suna raba wasu halaye:
- Karamin rosettes: An shirya ganyayensa mai kauri, masu É—anÉ—ano a cikin karkace ko da'irori, yana haifar da halayyar "alabaster rose."
- Daidaituwa da fari da bushewar yanayi: Za su iya adana ruwa a cikin ganye da mai tushe, tsayayya da fari mai tsawo, ƙananan zafi da ƙasa mara kyau.
- Fure mai ban sha'awa: Suna samar da fure mai tushe, gabaÉ—aya a cikin bazara da lokacin rani, tare da furanni masu siffar kararrawa masu launuka masu haske kamar ja, orange, rawaya ko ruwan hoda.
- Girma daga 'yar rosettes: Yawancin nau'ikan suna haɓaka suckers a kusa da shukar uwar, suna sauƙaƙe yaduwa.
Babban nau'in da nau'ikan Echeveria
Duniyar Echeverias tana da wadata sosai. Daga cikin nau'o'in da aka fi nomawa da girmamawa akwai:
- Echeveria elegans: Ganyen shuɗi-kore tare da furanni rawaya da ruwan hoda. Manufa don ƙirƙirar m, m kafet.
- Echeveria yana nufin: ƙananan ganye masu kaifi mai kama da agave, koren zurfi tare da gefuna ja.
- Echeveria lilacina (fatalwa echeveria): Kodadden ganyen azurfa, manyan rosettes. Sauƙin girma a cikin yanayi mai haske.
- Echeveria laui: kimar ganyayensa masu zagaye da launuka masu bambanta daga shuÉ—i zuwa fari ko kore.
- Echeveria Perle von Nürnberg: ganye mai launin shuɗi da ruwan hoda, sananne saboda kyawun adonsa da furanni ruwan hoda-orange.
- Echeveria pulidonis: resistant zuwa rana da sanyi, blue-kore ganye tare da ja gefuna.
- Echeveria abubuwa: ganye mai farin gashi da furanni ja-ja-jaja.
- Echeveria runyonii: asymmetrical greyish kore ganye, manufa domin Semi-inuwa.
- Echeveria desmetiana: ganyen shudi ko azurfa, furanni ja ko lemu.
- Echeveria chihuahuaensis: haske kore rosettes tare da hoda tukwici, cikakke ga cikin gida idan ya sami haske mai kyau.
- Echeveria Jasiri Trend: kayan ado sosai ganyen shuÉ—i-kore waxy.
- Echeveria pellucida: Ganyen shudi-kore mai launin ja, tare da furanni rawaya-orange.
- Echeveria Grosso: dogon ganye shudi-kore-purple.
Zaɓin nau'in jinsin da ya dace ko iri-iri zai dogara ne akan wurin da ake samuwa, zaɓin launi da bayyanar haske.
Mafi kyawun yanayi don girma Echeveria
Don kiyaye echeverias ɗin ku a cikin mafi girman yanayin, yana da mahimmanci don magance mahimman abubuwa da yawa. A ƙasa akwai cikakkun shawarwarin da suka dogara da mafi kyawun tushe:
Ideal substrate
Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar sosai porous substrate tare da kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa. Danshi mai yawa shine babban abokin gaba, saboda yana ƙarfafa ci gaban fungi da rot.
- Yi amfani da cakuduwar kasuwanci don cacti da succulents ko ƙirƙiri naku substrate tare da kimanin ma'auni na 80% succulent substrate da 20% m yashi (ko perlite / yumbu). Ƙara tsakuwa a gindin tukunya yana inganta iska.
- Guji ƙanƙantaccen abu ko na halitta mai wadataccen abu.
- Don rokeries ko wasu wuraren waje, tabbatar da cewa ƙasa tana magudana da sauri bayan ruwan sama.
Zaɓin tukunya
La Mafi dacewa tukunya shine terracotta ko yumbu., kamar yadda yake sauƙaƙe ƙawancen yanayi na wuce haddi da danshi. Girman ya kamata ya zama ɗan ƙaramin girma fiye da rosette don guje wa tara danshi mara amfani.
- Tabbatar yana da ramukan magudanar ruwa mai karimci.
- A guji amfani da miya mai tarin ruwa, ko cire shi bayan an shayar da shi.
- Ƙananan tsakuwa a gindin zai hana yiwuwar toshewa a cikin ramukan.
- Kuna iya shuka su a ciki kwantena na asali kamar kofuna, gwangwani ko kwalabe, idan dai sun zubar da kyau.
Madaidaicin wuri: haske da zafin jiki
Echeverias suna son haske. A waje, suna bukata wurare masu haske sosai da fa'ida daga 'yan sa'o'i na hasken rana kai tsaye (zai fi dacewa da sassafe ko yammacin rana). Idan an girma a cikin gida, ya kamata a sanya su kusa da taga gabas- ko yamma don samun haske mai yawa.
- A guji tsananin rana ko farkon la'asar, musamman a lokacin rani, don guje wa kona ganye.
- kyakkyawan zafin jiki: Tsakanin 21 da 27 ° C a cikin bazara / bazara. Suna jure wa yanayin zafi ƙasa da 10-15 ° C a cikin hunturu, amma yana da kyau a kare su idan akwai haɗarin sanyi mai tsanani.
- A ƙasa da 5 ° C nau'ikan iri da yawa suna shan wahala, musamman waɗanda suka fi dacewa da hybrids da cultivars.
- A cikin yanayin sanyi, shuka su a cikin tukwane don ku iya motsa su cikin gida yayin lokacin sanyi.
- Guji zayyana sanyi ko tsawan lokaci ga ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da iska mai ƙarfi.
Matsayin Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi yana tsakanin 40% zuwa 50%Sun fi farin ciki a busasshiyar iska fiye da a cikin iska mai laushi.
Ban ruwa da zafi: mabuÉ—in nasara
Ban ruwa shine mafi m al'amari. Ana ba da shawarar koyaushe Ruwa sosai amma kawai lokacin da substrate ya bushe gaba ɗaya.Kadan shine ƙari:
- A lokacin girma (bazara-rani): Ruwa kowane kwanaki 7-10, daidaitawa bisa ga yanayin da akwati. Kuna iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa, ƙyale substrate ya sha ruwa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa.
- A cikin hunturu (dormancy): Rage yawan ruwa, shayarwa kawai kowane makonni 2-4 ko ma ƙasa da haka. Ya zama ruwan dare ga shuka baya buƙatar ruwa na dogon lokaci.
- A guji jika ganye don hana naman gwari da tabo. Kada a fesa shukar ko ƙara zafi ta hanyar wucin gadi.
Ka tuna: Yawan ruwa shine babban dalilin mutuwa akan wadannan tsire-tsire. Koyaushe bincika cewa ƙasa ta bushe kafin sake shayarwa ta hanyar saka yatsan ku ko tsinken hakori.
Echeverias
Ko da yake ba wajibi ba ne a biya, a musamman taki ga cacti da succulents A cikin ƙananan allurai, sau ɗaya a wata a lokacin bazara da lokacin rani, yana inganta fure, launin ganye, da ci gaba. Kada a yi takin lokacin bazara da lokacin hunturu (lokacin hutawa). Bi adadin da mai ƙira ya nuna.
Dasawa: yaushe kuma yadda ake yin shi
Echeverias na buƙatar sake dawowa lokacin saiwar ta cika tukunyar ko substrate ya zama compacted kuma baya magudana da kyau, wanda yawanci yakan faru kowace shekara 2-3. Mafi kyawun lokacin shine farkon bazara.
- A hankali cire shuka ta hanyar riƙe tushen rosette.
- Cire tsohuwar substrate kuma bincika yanayin tushen, yanke duk wanda ya lalace.
- Idan an buƙata, Bari tushen iska ya bushe na sa'o'i da yawa kafin shuka don guje wa cututtuka.
- Sanya shukar a cikin sabon tukunya wanda ya ɗan fi girma kuma ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai sabo, tabbatar da cewa tushen ya bazu.
- Kada ku sha ruwa nan da nan bayan dasawa; jira ƴan kwanaki don guje wa ruɓe.
Yada Echeverias: Ganyayyaki, Kashe, da ƙari
Echeverias suna da sauƙin ninka ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- Ta hanyar yankan ganye: Zaɓi ganye masu lafiya, a yanka su da tsabta kusa da tushe kamar yadda zai yiwu, bar su bushe tsawon kwanaki 1 ko 2, kuma sanya su a cikin ƙasa bushe. Za su toho saiwoyi da harbe a cikin makonni.
- Da yara: A hankali raba 'yar rosettes girma a kusa da iyaye shuka. Dole ne su sami wasu tushen nasu don bunƙasa.
- Ta hanyar yankan tushe: A cikin tsire-tsire masu girma, ana iya amfani da yanke saman rosette don dasa sabon shuka bayan barin raunin ya bushe.
A kowane hali, ci gaba da danshi kawai (ba rigar) har sai sun yi tushe sosai, guje wa fallasa hasken rana kai tsaye na 'yan kwanaki na farko.
Echeveria a cikin furanni
A lokacin ƙarshen bazara da lokacin rani, Echeverias suna samar da furanni masu kyau waɗanda ke ƙarewa cikin ƙananan furanni masu kama da kararrawa masu launuka masu ban mamaki.
- Furen furanni na iya wucewa na makonni da yawa har ma da kara tsawon shekara a cikin yanayi mai dumi tare da haske mai yawa.
- Furen sa na iya bambanta tsakanin inuwar ja, rawaya da orange, sau da yawa bicolor.
- Yana da mahimmanci a yanke busassun bushes bayan fure don kula da ƙarfin shuka.
Matsalolin gama gari, kwari da cututtuka
Ko da yake tsire-tsire ne masu juriya sosai, ana iya shafa su:
- Mealybugs, aphids da ja gizo-gizo: Cire su da hannu tare da zane da aka jika da barasa na isopropyl ko sabulu mai tsaka tsaki, sannan a wanke. Idan cutar ta ci gaba, yi amfani da takamaiman maganin kashe kwari don succulents.
- Namomin kaza: Dangantaka da yawan ruwa da zafi mai dorewa. Ka guji jika ganyen kuma ka shaka wurin da kyau. Alamar da aka saba ita ce bayyanar tabo masu duhu ko ruɓe a gindi.
- Tushen rot: Ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri ne ke haifar da shi da ƙarancin magudanar ruwa. Yana da mahimmanci don barin ƙasa ya bushe gaba ɗaya kuma ya sake komawa idan akwai mummunar lalacewa.
- Ƙananan ganye suna faɗuwa: Wannan na halitta ne, ko da yake karuwa na iya nuna rashin ruwa ko raguwa. Cire busassun ganye don hana gidajen abinci na mealybug.
Ado, amfani da ƙarin fa'idodi
Echeverias suna da kyau ga duka lambuna da cikin gida:
- Ana amfani da su a cikin rokeries, iyakoki, shirye-shiryen tukunyar jirgi, terrariums, shirye-shirye a cikin kwantena na asali da wuraren zama.
- Sun dace a ciki busassun lambuna, terraces da baranda, daidaitattun wurare masu tallafawa tare da ƙasa kaɗan.
- A cikin ƙananan kwantena (kofuna, gwangwani, tukwane) suna kawo launi da sabo zuwa ofisoshin da gidaje.
- Suna da abokantaka da dabbobi da yara.
- A cewar Feng Shui, suna ba da kariya da makamashi mai kyau ga gida.
Ta hanyar fahimtar bukatun Echeverias da amfani da waɗannan shawarwari, za ku sami lafiya, launi, da tsire-tsire masu dorewa waɗanda za su yi fice a kowane wuri. Ko kun zaɓi tukunya ɗaya a cikin gida ko ƙirƙirar lambun da ba a so a waje, waɗannan duwatsu masu daraja na botanical koyaushe tabbataccen fare ne don ƙawata kowane sarari.
