Succulent tsire-tsire: iri, kulawa, yaduwa, da ƙira
da wadanda ba cacti succulent ko succulent shuke-shuke Suna da ban mamaki iri-iri iri-iri da juriya, ana noma su sosai a cikin yankuna masu zafi da zafi, har ma a cikin yanayin sanyi a ƙarƙashin kariya ta greenhouses. Godiya ga iyawarsu ta adana ruwa, suna buƙatar ƙaramin kulawa kuma suna zuwa cikin nau'ikan siffofi, launuka, da laushi iri-iri, suna mai da su abubuwan da aka fi so don yin ado a ciki, filaye, lambuna, da ofisoshi.
Ko a cikin tukwane kaɗan, terrariums, lambuna na dutse, ko ma shirye-shirye na tsaye, masu maye suna ƙawata kowane sarari tare da taɓawa na zamani da ban mamaki. Idan kuna sha'awar nutsar da kanku a cikin duniyar ban sha'awa na waɗannan nau'ikan, a nan za ku koyi manyan nau'ikan succulents, yadda ake kula da su dalla-dalla a cikin shekara, da hanyoyin kulawa. ƙari kuma na yau da kullun da nasihun ƙirar kayan ado masu ban sha'awa.
Menene tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire?
Succulent shuke-shuke - kuma ake kira m- su ne wadanda sun bunkasa gabobin jiki masu kauri da nama (yawanci ganye, amma wani lokacin mai tushe ko ma saiwoyi) ya kware wajen adana ruwa. Wannan karbuwa ya ba su damar rayuwa da bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mara kyau tare da ƙarancin ƙasa da ƙarancin ruwan sama, inda sauran tsire-tsire za su yi gwagwarmaya don bunƙasa.
Kalmar "succulent" ta fito daga Latin succulents, wanda ke nufin "mai ɗanɗano," yana nuna halayen kyallen jikin su. Succulents sau da yawa suna zuwa cikin launuka da siffofi masu ban mamaki, daga kore mai haske zuwa lilac, ja, ko sautunan bluish, kuma ana iya samun su duka a cikin ƙananan girman kuma a matsayin manyan shrubs. Wasu nau'ikan, kamar lithops (Duwatsu masu rai), kanana ne kuma ba a lura da su a cikin duwatsun, yayin da wasu kamar su Aloe Vera Suna da dogayen ganye masu ƙarfi tare da gefuna masu ɓarna.
Baya ga adana ruwa, yawancin succulents suna da ƙarin abubuwan daidaitawa kamar:
- Gashi ko trichomes wanda ke riƙe raɓa da zafi na yanayi a saman ganyen.
- Karamin siffofin ko ƙananan girma don rage haifuwa da asarar ruwa.
- Cuticles mai laushi da stomata sun nutse don rage ƙawancewar ruwa.
- Ikon yin aiki CAM photosynthesis, buɗe stomata musamman da daddare don rage asarar ruwa.
Menene manyan iyalai na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire?
Ana rarraba tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin iyalai da yawa na tsirrai. Wasu daga cikin mafi mahimmanci da wakilai, tare da mahimman halayen su, sune:
- agavaceae: Kimanin nau'ikan 300, galibi tare da ganyen succulent ganye. Mafi shahara sune agave y yucca.
- Aizoaceae: Fiye da nau'ikan ganye 2.000 masu ɗanɗano, gami da ƙananan kayan ado kamar lithops y Pleiospylos.
- BayaniKimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 500, gami da mai tushe mai tushe (misali, adenium).
- Asphodelaceae: Kimanin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)). Aloe y haworthia.
- CrassulaceaeKimanin nau'ikan 1.300 tare da gabobin ajiya a cikin ganyayyaki. Wannan ya haɗa da nau'o'in nau'i kamar Crassula, echeveria, Kalanchoe y sempervivum.
- Didiraceae: 11 nau'i ne kawai, tare da mai tushe mai laushi.
- Euphorbiaceae: Fiye da nau'in nau'in 1.000, yawancin su suna da mai tushe da ganye.
- Portulacaceae: 26 genera tare da succulent gabobin a duka mai tushe da ganye.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa kalmar “succulent” ba a fayyace ta ta fuskar ilimin botanical ba, kuma tana iya haɗawa da ɗimbin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in ruwa iri ɗaya, ko da sun bambanta sosai a asalinsu ko yanayin halittarsu.
Fitattun siffofi na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire
- Ganyayyaki masu kauri da mai tushe: Suna adana ruwa a cikin sel na musamman.
- Fadi iri-iri na siffofi da launuka: Daga m rosettes zuwa daji Tsarin, karkace, triangular siffofi, da dai sauransu.
- Daidaitawa ga damuwa na ruwa: Za su iya rayuwa ba tare da shayarwa na tsawon lokaci ba, yana sa su dace da yanayin bushewa da kuma mutanen da ba su da lokaci don shayarwa.
- Juriya da tsawon raiYawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa shekaru da yawa kuma suna iya jure wa yanayi mara kyau.
- Na ado versatility: Suna ba da izinin haɗaɗɗun ƙirƙira a cikin tukwane na fure, lambuna na tsaye, tsaka-tsakin tsakiya, terrariums, da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira.
Ta yaya tsire-tsire masu rarrafe ke haɓaka?
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin shuke-shuke masu raɗaɗi shine nasu sauƙi na ninkawa, wanda ke ba ku damar samun sabbin tsire-tsire daga uwa ɗaya. Mafi yawan hanyoyin sun haɗa da:
- Yankan ganyeCire ganye mai lafiya kuma a bar shi ya bushe na tsawon kwanaki biyu ko uku har sai ya zama callus. Sa'an nan kuma sanya shi a kan busassun busassun kuma jira saiwoyin da sababbin ganye don toho.
- Kara yanka: Yanke wani yanki na karami, a bar shi ya warke na wasu kwanaki a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa maras kyau har sai ya samo asali.
- Rarraba masu tsotsa ko harbe-harbeYawancin succulents suna haifar da harbe na biyu a kusa da su, wanda za'a iya raba su kuma a dasa su daban.
- Shuka iri: Hanya mai hankali da aiki mai wahala, amma yana ba ku damar samun sabbin nau'ikan da gwaji daga karce.
Succulent yaduwa yawanci mafi kyau a lokacin bazara da bazara, lokacin da tsire-tsire ke girma sosai. Yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da kayan aiki masu tsabta, ƙyale wuraren da aka yanke su bushe kafin dasa shuki (don guje wa cututtuka na fungal), da kuma amfani da abubuwan da ba su da kyau.
Nau'in tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire: mahimmanci da nau'in asali
Duniyar laccults ta mamaye dubban jinsasan jinsuna, amma wasu kwayoyin halitta sun shahara musamman kyawun su, amma sauƙin na namo. A ƙasa akwai cikakken jagora ga manyan nau'ikan:
Aeonium
Halin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i-nau'. Suna samar da rosettes na kore mai laushi, launin ruwan kasa, ko ma ganyen shunayya, dangane da iri-iri. Suna iya haɓaka tsayi mai tsayi, kuma rosettes ɗin su sau da yawa yakan zama rassa masu ban sha'awa. Girman su ya bambanta daga 70 centimeters zuwa sama da mita a wasu nau'in.
Aloe
Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan sama da 500, mafi shahara shine Aloe Vera, sanannen kayan magani. The Aloe Suna da kauri, triangular, karkace shirya ganye tare da serrated gefuna. Suna girma a cikin siffar rosette kuma, a cikin yanayi mai dumi, suna iya fure tare da manyan spikes, tubular, rawaya ko orange.
argyroderma
Wani ɗan ƙaramin ɗan Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka sani da "dutse masu rai." Yana girma zuwa kawai santimita 2-3 kuma yana da kishiyar, nama, ganye masu zagaye. Mai daraja sosai don tattarawa da ƙananan lambuna.
conophytum
Tare da fiye da nau'in 400, waɗannan ƙananan tsire-tsire suna da kyau don ƙananan wurare. Suna da ganye guda biyu da aka haɗa su cikin tsari mai zagaye kuma suna samar da ƙananan furanni rawaya ko violet.
Crassula
Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri da bambancin jinsi, tare da fiye da nau'in 600 da nau'i mai yawa: daga shrubs kamar su. crassula ovata (itacen ja), zuwa iri-iri masu ganyen triangular (Crassula pyramidalis). Suna jure wa yanayin gida da waje da kyau.
echeveria
Halin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda ke da nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i na Amurka. Wasu nau'ikan suna samar da kyawawan furanni masu tushe. Mafi dacewa don terrariums da shirye-shiryen kayan ado.
haworthia
Kimanin nau'ikan 70 sun kasance cikin Afirka ta Kudu. Suna girma cikin ƙanƙaramar rosettes kuma suna nuna alamu akan ganyen su (maƙarƙashiya, ɗigo, gefuna masu shuɗi). Sun fi son rabin inuwa kuma da wuya su wuce santimita 10 a tsayi.
Lithops (Duwatsu masu rai)
Ƙananan ƴan ƴaƴan ƴaƴa sun kama cikin duwatsun, tare da ganyayen ganye guda biyu kawai da launuka waɗanda ke kwaikwayi yanayin ma'adinai. Lokacin da suka yi fure, suna fitar da furanni masu kama da daisy. Mafi dacewa ga masu tarawa.
Pachyphytum
Halin shuke-shuke na Mexica tare da nama sosai, zagaye, ganyen foda. Tsawon su bai wuce santimita 20 ba, kuma ƙananan furanninsu suna da launi daga kore zuwa ruwan hoda.
Pleiospylos
Tsakanin 20 zuwa 40 ƙananan nau'in Afirka. Kishiya, globose, kuma ganyaye masu kauri sosai, tare da manyan furannin rawaya ko shuɗi na tsakiya.
sempervivum
Halin da aka rarraba a ko'ina cikin Turai da Asiya, wanda ya shahara saboda tsananin juriya ga sanyi. Suna samar da gungu mai yawa na rosettes da aka rufe da gashi da masu gudu, masu ruwan hoda ko furanni masu ja.
Sauran succulents na sha'awa
- KalanchoeAn san shi da furanni masu launi da tsayin daka, yana buƙatar haske kai tsaye da kuma matsakaiciyar ruwa.
- Senecio rowleyanus (Rosary): Mafi dacewa don rataye, tare da ganye masu siffar lu'u-lu'u.
- Kore: Ana amfani da shi sosai azaman murfin ƙasa ko a cikin lambunan dutse.
- Portucaria afra: Rataye mai sauƙin kulawa, wanda aka fi sani da "ɗan ƙaramin itacen jade."
- Ceropegia woodii:: Sarkar zukata, kyakkyawa kuma cikakke ga cikin gida a cikin tukwane masu rataye.
- rhipsalis: Rataye rassan, cikakke don ƙirƙirar tasirin cascading kore a cikin kwanduna.
Mahimman kulawa ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire
Babban abin jan hankali na succulents yana cikin su sauki gyara. Duk da haka, don kiyaye su lafiya da kyau duk shekara, yana da mahimmanci a san wasu ƙa'idodin girma:
Haske da wuri
- Yawaita (amma tace) hasken ranaYawancin succulents suna buƙatar aƙalla sa'o'i 4-6 na haske kowace rana. Rana ta kai tsaye tana haɓaka launuka masu ƙarfi, amma wasu nau'ikan m (Haworthia, Gasteria, wasu Echeveria) sun fi son inuwa ta ɓangarori ko haske kai tsaye.
- Ka guji tsananin rana a lokacin rani: Musamman a lokacin tsakiyar sa'o'i, don hana konewa.
- Wuraren da ke da iska mai kyau: Suna samar da yanayin bushewa kuma suna hana cututtukan fungal.
- Don tsire-tsire na cikin gida, sanya kayan mayenku kusa da tagogin kudu-, gabas- ko yamma, kuma ku juya tukwane lokaci-lokaci don tabbatar da girma.
Isasshen ruwa
- Succulents sun fi son mai zurfi da sarari waterings: Bari substrate bushe gaba daya tsakanin waterings. Gabaɗaya, ruwa kowane kwanaki 7-10 a lokacin yanayin zafi da kowane kwanaki 20-30 a lokacin hunturu.
- Ka guji zubar ruwaRuwan da ya wuce gona da iri shine babban abokin gaba, yayin da yake ruɓe tushen kuma yana ƙarfafa fungi.
- Kada a jika ganye ko barin ruwa a tsaye a cikin jita-jita.: Yana jagorantar ruwa zuwa substrate kuma yana cire wuce haddi bayan shayarwa.
- Idan kuna da shakku, saka ƙwanƙolin haƙori a cikin ƙasa: idan ya fito da tsabta, lokaci yayi da ruwa.
Substrate da magudanar ruwa
- Magudanar ruwa sosai: Yana da mahimmanci. Kuna iya amfani da sinadarai na kasuwanci don cacti da succulents, gaurayawan ƙasa na duniya da m yashi / perlite, ko pumice tare da takin 20-30%.
- Tukwane tare da ramukan magudanar ruwa: Suna ƙyale ruwa mai yawa ya gudana kuma yana hana tushen asphyxiation.
Mai Talla
- Abona a lokacin bazara da bazara, lokacin da tsire-tsire suke girma.
- Yi amfani da takamaiman taki don masu maye, ruwa ko granulated, tare da ƙarancin abun ciki na nitrogen don kada kyallen takarda su yi laushi.
- Ka guje wa taki a cikin kaka da hunturu, lokacin da tsire-tsire ke barci.
Dasawa
- Yi maimaita kowace shekara 2-3 ko kuma idan shuka ya wuce tukunyar. Koyaushe yin haka a cikin bazara.
- Kada a sha ruwa nan da nan bayan dasawa.: Jira 4-5 kwanaki don rage hadarin rot.
Zazzabi da rusticity
- Yawancin jure wa yanayin sanyi, amma wasu kawai (kamar sempervivum, Jovibarba o Kore) zai iya jure wa haske, sanyi lokaci-lokaci ƙasa -2 ° C. Wadanda suka samo asali na wurare masu zafi ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin gida a cikin hunturu.
- Ka guji fallasa su ga ƙanƙara ko canje-canjen zafin jiki na farat ɗaya.
Yadawa: Maɓallai don haɓaka tsire-tsire masu ɗanɗano
- Rarraba masu tsotsaMafi dacewa ga nau'ikan da ke samar da rosettes na biyu (Echeveria, Sempervivum, Aloe, da dai sauransu). Rarrabe zuriyar da zarar sun sami tushensu.
- Leaf ko kara yankan: A bar ganye ko guntun karas a fallasa na tsawon kwanaki 1-3, sannan a dasa shi a cikin busassun busassun a jira ya sami tushe.
- Yaduwa da kwaya: Ya dace da sake cika tukwane, kodayake yana buƙatar haƙuri da kwanciyar hankali da yanayin zafi.
Matsalolin gama gari, cututtuka da kwari
Succulents suna da ƙarfi sosai, amma suna iya shafar su:
- Ban ruwa mai wuce gona da iri: Yana haddasa rubewar saiwoyi da ganye. Alamun: ganye mai laushi, baƙar fata, wari mara kyau.
- Ragewa: Mai tushe yana tsayi kuma ya zama fari saboda rashin haske.
- Kunar rana a ciki: Tabo mai launin ruwan kasa daga fallasa kwatsam zuwa tsananin rana.
- Karin kwariMealybugs, mites, aphids, caterpillars, katantanwa, da slugs. Cire da hannu ko amfani da takamaiman jiyya.
- Fungi da kwayoyin cuta: Suna fitowa ne saboda yanayin danshi da rashin samun iska. Aiwatar da fungicides idan ya cancanta.
Haske: Tsaftace tsire-tsirenku, duba gefen ganyen su akai-akai, kuma ku tabbata ƙasa tana bushewa koyaushe kafin sake shayarwa. Yi amfani da tukwane na terracotta, wanda ke haɓaka ƙawancen ruwa da hana wuce gona da iri.
Flowering succulents: nau'in da tukwici don tada furanni
Ba duk tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba ne masu fure a cikin noma, amma wasu nau'ikan an san su don nunin furanni. Fitattun misalai sun haɗa da:
- agave: Yana fure sau ɗaya kawai a ƙarshen rayuwarsa, yana samar da inflorescence mai ban mamaki.
- sempervivum: Yana haifar da fure mai tushe tare da furanni a cikin inuwar ruwan hoda da ja.
- Kalanchoe:: Dogon furanni a cikin gida idan ya sami isasshen haske.
- echeveria: Inflorescences masu launi a cikin bazara da bazara.
- crassula ovata: Ƙananan furanni masu siffar tauraro, yawanci fari.
Don ƙarfafa furanni, girmama lokutan barci, rage ruwa a cikin hunturu, da takin lokacin girma.
Rataye succulents: salon ado da nau'ikan da aka ba da shawarar
- Senecio rowleyanus (Rosario): Ganyen ganyen da suka rataye suna samar da dogon labule masu kore.
- Sedum morganianum ( wutsiya ta jaki): Dogayen mai tushe tare da nama, ƙananan ganye, tare da bayyanar rataye da ado sosai.
- Ceropegia woodii (String of Hearts): Ganyen mai siffar zuciya, mai kyau don wurare na cikin gida da tukwane masu rataye.
- rhipsalis: Rataye rassan, cikakke don ƙirƙirar tasirin cascading kore a cikin kwanduna.
- Portucaria afra: Yin kwaikwayon itacen rataye na jade, mai sauƙin kulawa da kyau ga masu farawa.
Ra'ayoyin don yin ado tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire
Succulents sun bambanta da su na ado versatility, daidaitawa zuwa gida da waje yanayi. Ga wasu shawarwari masu amfani:
Terrariums da kananan lambuna
Girman Terrarium yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ƙananan shimfidar wurare a cikin kwantena gilashi, tankunan kifi da aka sake fa'ida, kofuna, ko kwalba. Yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa shayarwa da magudanar ruwa, ta yin amfani da tushe na tsakuwa da sako-sako don hana zubar ruwa. Ƙara duwatsun ado, figurines, da gansakuka don gamawa ta asali.
Rockeries da lambuna masu ban sha'awa
Lambunan dutse, duka a cikin ƙasa da kuma a cikin manyan masu shuka, suna ba ku damar haɗa nau'ikan succulents daban-daban tare da duwatsu, katako, da tsakuwa. Lambuna masu ƙarancin kulawa suna buƙatar ɗan shayarwa da samar da yanayi na zamani, yanayin sararin samaniya.
Lambuna na tsaye
Ganuwar kore mai raɗaɗi ( lambuna a tsaye) al'ada ce. Ana iya ƙirƙira su tare da firam na musamman ko sassa na zamani, ta yin amfani da ƙananan nau'ikan tushen tushe (Echeveria, Sedum, Sempervivum, Pleiospilos, da sauransu). Suna kawo sabo da rayuwa zuwa bango, baranda, ko cikin gida mai haske.
Tukwane na asali da haɗuwa
Yi amfani da tukwane da aka yi da kayan ƙura kamar yumbu ko terracotta da haɗa siffofi da launuka don ƙirƙirar shirye-shirye masu ban sha'awa. Ka tuna don zaɓar nau'ikan da suka dace cikin girman da buƙatun shayarwa / haske.
Jigogi na tsakiya
Mafi dacewa don bukukuwa, abubuwan da suka faru, ko kuma kawai don yin ado tebur da kayan aiki. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar jigo na jigo na kowane yanayi (Halloween, Kirsimeti, bazara) ta hanyar haɗa succulents tare da sauran busassun abubuwan ado na halitta.
Tambayoyi akai-akai game da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire
- Sau nawa zan shayar da kayan maye na? Sai kawai lokacin da substrate ya bushe gaba ɗaya. A lokacin rani, sau ɗaya a mako ko kowane kwana goma. A cikin hunturu, kowane makonni 2-4.
- Yadda za a hana succulents daga mikewa da deforming? Samar da isasshen haske na halitta ko na wucin gadi. "Etiolation" yana haifar da rashin haske.
- Shin wajibi ne don takin succulents? Ee, a lokacin bazara da lokacin rani, amma amfani da ƙananan allurai na takamaiman taki don succulents.
- Me za a yi idan ya lalace? Cire sassan da abin ya shafa kuma a sake dasa su a cikin busassun wuri mai tsabta.
- Zan iya sanya su a bandaki ko kicin? Kauce wa danshi ko rashin samun iska don hana fungi.
- Yaushe zan dasa succulents dina? Yi haka a cikin bazara kowace shekara biyu ko uku, ko kuma lokacin da tushen ya fito daga cikin akwati.
- Juyawa lokaci-lokaci: Juya tukwane don tabbatar da ci gaba mai ma'ana.
- Ana Share: Cire ƙura daga ganye tare da goga mai laushi don hana toshewar stomatal da inganta photosynthesis.
- Zaɓin nau'ikan bisa ga yanayin: Idan kana zaune a wuri mai sanyi, zaɓi sempervivum, Kore o Jovibarba. Domin yanayi mai dumi, echeveria, Kalanchoe y Aloe Suna da manufa.
- Tukwane masu dacewa: Fi son terracotta kuma tabbatar da cewa suna da magudanar ruwa mai kyau.
- Guji canje-canje kwatsam a muhalli: Idan kun matsar da tsire-tsire na cikin gida a waje, sannu a hankali mayar da su zuwa rana.
Tare da duk waɗannan bayanan, succulents sun zama kyakkyawan zaɓi ga duka novice da masu tarawa masu hankali. Godiya ga rabuwarsu mai ban sha'awa, da nau'ikan nau'ikan, da sauƙin da suke yaduwa, suna ba da izinin rashin kariya a kowane saiti. Daga lambuna masu ɗorewa zuwa wuraren tsakiya na asali, succulents suna tabbatar da kowace rana kyakkyawa da kuma aiki zai iya tafiya hannu da hannu a cikin duniyar shuka.
