Cikakken jagora da sabuntawa don ƙwararrun noman soursop

La soursop (annona muricata) 'ya'yan itacen wurare masu zafi da aka daraja don dandano na musamman da kayan abinci mai gina jiki. Noman sa ya faɗaɗa cikin yanayi mai dumi da ɗanɗano saboda yawan buƙatu na gida da waje. A ƙasa, zaku sami cikakken jagorar daki-daki tare da duk mahimman fannoni da ayyuka mafi kyau, haɗa mahimman bayanai da faɗaɗawa kan yadda ake shuka soursop cikin nasara da dorewa.

Bukatun noman Soursop

• Yanayi: Soursop yana bunƙasa a cikin yankuna da yanayin zafi da zafi matakan zafi mai yawaMatsakaicin zafin jiki mafi kyau shine tsakanin 25 da 30 ° C. Kodayake yana jure wa ɗan gajeren lokaci na fari, yana buƙatar ruwan sama sama da milimita 1000 a kowace shekara don haɓaka mai ƙarfi.
• Falo: Ya fi son ƙasa mai zurfi, mai laushi, mai laushi. Madaidaicin pH yana tsakanin 5,5 da 7,0. Yana da mahimmanci don kauce wa ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, saboda shuka yana kula da ruwa mai yawa a tushen.
• Nunin Nunin: Ana buƙatar hasken rana kai tsaye ga mafi yawan yini, ko da yake yana jure wasu inuwa a cikin mafi tsananin sa'o'i.
• Tsawo: Kodayake ana iya girma daga matakin teku har zuwa mita 1.200, ana samun sakamako mafi kyau har zuwa mita 900.

Yana da kyau a yi nazarin ƙasa kafin dasa shuki don daidaita gyare-gyare da kula da hadi zuwa takamaiman bukatun ƙasar.

Yadda ake dasa da kuma yada miya

Yadawa ta iri

• Dole ne tsaba su fito daga cikakkun 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau da lafiya.
• Kafin shuka, ana bada shawarar wanke su kuma a bushe su kadan a cikin inuwa.
• Jika tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi na tsawon awanni 24 yana motsa germination.
• Ana yin shuka a cikin jaka na filastik ko gadaje masu tsire-tsire tare da wani abu mai wadata a cikin kwayoyin halitta, a zurfin 2-3 cm.
• Germination yana ɗaukar tsakanin kwanaki 15 zuwa 30, yana kiyaye ƙasa mai ɗanɗano amma ba ruwa.

Yadawa ta hanyar grafting

• Don adana halayen da ake so (kamar ɗanɗano, girma, ko juriya na cuta), ya zama ruwan dare don dasawa akan tushen tushen soursop ko nau'ikan jinsin da ke da alaƙa. Anona.
• Nau'in graft gushe da kuma grafting na tsagewa su ne hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su.
• Tsire-tsire da aka daskare suna fara samar da 'ya'yan itace cikin ƙasa da lokaci fiye da waɗanda aka samu daga iri.

Tsarin shuka

• Tazarar da aka ba da shawarar shine mita 6 x 6 ko 8 x 8, yana ba da damar isassun ci gaban bishiya da samun haske.
• A cikin gonakin kasuwanci, ana iya kafa tsakanin bishiyoyi 160 zuwa 280 a kowace hekta dangane da firam ɗin da aka zaɓa.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Noman Soursop: Cikakken Jagora, Bukatu, Gudanarwa, da Talla

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa da dasa shuki

• Ana Share: Dole ne a cire ciyawa da tarkacen shuka, tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ba ta da cikas ga ci gaban tushen.
• Noma: Yana da mahimmanci a yi noma da ƙasa ƙasa don haɓaka iska da sauƙaƙe magudanar ruwa.
• Hadi na ƙasa: Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta da aka tara da kyau da phosphate na halitta aƙalla kwanaki 30 kafin dasa.
• Ramin shuka: Tono ramuka masu girman 50 x 50 x 50 cm kuma a cika su da cakuda ƙasa, takin da ɗan lemun tsami na noma idan ya cancanta don gyara pH.
• Shuka: Sanya seedling a cikin rami, rufe ba tare da binne wuyan shuka ba, a hankali a hankali da ruwa da kyau.

Gudanar da agronomic na soursop

Hadi da abinci mai gina jiki

• Yayin shekaru uku na farko Nitrogen an ba da fifiko don haɓaka ci gaban ciyayi. Aiwatar da kilogiram 1,2/ shuka na ma'auni mai ma'auni a yawancin allurai na shekara.
• Daga shekara ta uku, ƙara adadin zuwa 1,5 kg / shuka na takin, an raba shi zuwa aikace-aikace bisa ga samun ruwa da lokacin girma.
• Microelements kamar alli, magnesium da zinc Suna da mahimmanci don 'ya'yan itacen don cimma kyakkyawan girma, dandano, da halaye masu kyau. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa ko foliarly, daidaita su bisa ga binciken foliar ko gano rashin ƙarfi.
• Don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa (misali, fiye da ton 6 a kowace hectare), haɗaɗɗen hadi shine maɓalli: 18,9 kg na N, 16 kg na K, 6,3 kg na Ca, 3,4 kg na P da 1 kg na Mg a kowace hectare a kowace shekara.

Aikace-aikace na kwayoyin halitta (taki, takin) yana inganta tsarin, riƙewar danshi da aikin nazarin halittu na ƙasa.

Yanke itacen tsamiya

• Tsarin gogewa: Wannan ya haɗa da yanke babban itacen inabi zuwa 60-80 cm sama da ƙasa don ƙarfafa rassan gefe don tsiro. Bar 3-4 mai karfi, rassan da aka rarraba a ko'ina, cire sauran.
• Maintenance pruning: Cire harbe-harbe, masu tsotsa, matattu, ƙetare, ko rassan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wannan ya kamata a yi sau 2-3 a shekara, zai fi dacewa bayan girbi.
• Sanitary pruning: Cire rassan da alamun cututtuka ko kwari, hana yaɗuwa da haɓaka iska a cikin alfarwa.

Es mahimmanci don janyewa pruning ya kasance a waje da shuka don guje wa matsalolin phytosanitary.

Pollination

• A soursop yana da furanni da iyaka pollination, don haka da pollination na hannu yana ƙaruwa da yawa da girman 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kuna iya ƙarin koyo game da dabarun pollination a yadda ake shuka tsaba a gida.
• Tsarin ya haɗa da tattara furanni a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi, cire pollen da canja shi zuwa furanni masu karɓa ta amfani da fenti mai laushi.
• Kasancewar ƙudan zuma da sauran masu yin pollinators na halitta na iya haɗawa da waɗannan ƙoƙarin a manyan gonaki.

Kula da ciyawa

• Ciyawa suna gasa don samun ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki, da sarari, sannan kuma suna ba da mafaka ga kwari da cututtuka.
• Cire tsire-tsire maras so da hannu ko amfani da masu yankan goga yana da mahimmanci a farkon shekarun rayuwar bishiyar.
• Zaɓin amfani da maganin ciyawa na iya zama madadin, ko da yake yana da kyau koyaushe don zaɓin hanyoyin da ba su dace da muhalli ba.
• Ciki tsakanin layuka yana taimakawa kiyaye danshi da rage matsa lamba.

Watse

• Itacen soursop yana buƙatar tsakanin 500 zuwa 800 mm na ruwa kowace shekara, ana rarraba shi daidai. Don ƙarin bayani, duba ban ruwa a cikin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace.
• A lokacin fari ko matakai masu mahimmanci kamar fure-fure da saita 'ya'yan itace, ana ba da shawarar ruwa mai zurfi kowane kwanaki 7-10. Yawan ruwan sama na iya haifar da rubewar tushen.
• Tsarin ban ruwa da aka ba da shawarar shine furrow ko drip, daidaita mitar gwargwadon yanayin ƙasa da yanayin gida.

Iri da halaye na soursop

• Soursop yana gabatarwa bambancin kwayoyin halitta mahimmanci, wanda ke haifar da 'ya'yan itatuwa nau'i daban-daban (ovoid, mai siffar zuciya, mara daidaituwa), girman (daga 1 zuwa sama da 10 kg), da dandano (mai tsami, mai dadi, ko mai dadi). Don ƙarin bayani, ziyarci Bambance-bambance tsakanin soursop da apple custard.
• A wasu ƙasashe, irin su Colombia da Brazil, an gano zaɓukan cikin gida da aka sani da yawan aiki da inganci, kodayake Babu nau'in kayan lambu bisa ƙa'idance.
• Wajibi ne don zaɓar da yada manyan clones don samun 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da mafi kyawun halayen organoleptic da kasuwanci.

Lafiyar Shuka: Mafi yawan kwari da cututtuka

• Kwari akai-akai'Ya'yan itace kwari, mealybugs, mites, da kuma kara da 'ya'yan itace tsutsotsi. Kulawa na yau da kullun shine mabuɗin. Don ingantaccen sarrafawa, kuma duba sarrafa kwaro a cikin soursop.
• Cututtuka: anthracnose, rubewar ganye Phytophthora y fusarium, kuma tsatsa sun fi yawa. Ana sarrafa su ta hanyar datsa, cire sassan da abin ya shafa, da aikace-aikacen rigakafin fungicides. Karin bayani a Properties da lafiya a anonas.
• Gudanar da haɗin gwiwa: ya haɗa da jujjuyawar amfanin gona, amfani da tarkuna, sakin maƙiyan halitta da aikace-aikacen ƙwanƙwasa tsire-tsire ko samfuran halitta.

Cikakken kula da phytosanitary, daidaitaccen tazara tsakanin tsire-tsire, da kawar da 'ya'yan itacen da suka fadi sune muhimman ayyuka don rage lalacewa da yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Gudanar da girbi da bayan girbi

• Itacen soursop yana farawa a cikin shekaru 3 zuwa 5 daga iri, ko jima idan an dasa shi. Don ƙarin bayani, duba duk game da bishiyar soursop.
• Ya kamata a yi girbi lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen suka rasa haske, suna da launin kore mai duhu kuma ana cire ragowar furen cikin sauƙi.
• A ba da shawara kar a debi 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kore sosai, saboda ƙila ba za su yi girma da kyau ba kuma suna haɓaka ɗanɗano mai ɗaci.
• Kulawa da kulawa da hankali yana tsawaita rayuwar 'ya'yan itacen, wanda a zahiri gajere ne (kwana 4 zuwa 5 a dakin da zafin jiki, yana tsawaita har zuwa kwanaki 10 tare da kulawa mai kyau).
• Jika 'ya'yan itace a cikin maganin chlorinated yana kawar da fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta a saman kafin shiryawa. Don guje wa hasara, tuntuɓi Yadda ake cin abinci da abin da ake amfani da miya.
• Don ajiya, madaidaicin zafin jiki yana kusa da 7-10 ° C da babban zafi, guje wa bushewa.
• Ana iya sarrafa Soursop a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, daskararrun ɓangarorin, jam, da sauran samfuran don tsawaita rayuwar sa.

Tallace-tallacen duniya da samarwa

• 'Ya'yan itacen soursop yana da bukatar akai-akai a kasuwannin kasa da kasa.
• Haɓaka dabarun adanawa ya ba da damar fitar da sabbin 'ya'yan itacen da aka sarrafa zuwa ƙasashe da yawa, tare da haɓaka buƙatu. Don ƙarin bayani, duba Soursop a Spain: halaye, fa'idodi, da kasuwa.
• China, Jamus, Rasha, da Netherlands suna cikin manyan masu shigo da kayan marmari.

Ƙarin shawarwari don nasarar noma

• Yi amfani da ingantattun bayanai da iri ko tsiri daga tushe masu tushe.
• Gudanar da kulawa akai-akai game da matsayin phytosanitary na shuka.
• Aiwatar da ayyuka masu ɗorewa, kamar jujjuyawar amfanin gona da amfani da takin zamani.
• Horar da ma'aikata a cikin dabarun dasa, pollination, da dabarun sarrafa kwari don rage asara.
• Tattara duk ayyukan aikin gona don yanke shawarar da aka sani a nan gaba.

Idan aka sarrafa yadda ya kamata, noman miya na iya samar da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi da kuma zama madadin dawwamammen tsarin noma iri-iri. Makullin ya ta'allaka ne cikin ingantaccen haɗin shuka, abinci mai gina jiki, lafiya, sarrafa bayan girbi, da dabarun talla. Dukansu ƙanana da manya-manyan masana'antun za su iya samun wannan amfanin gona wani zaɓi mai riba wanda zai dace da yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi da yawa. Cikakken fahimtar takamaiman bukatun bishiyar, tare da aiwatar da ayyukan zamani da alhaki, yana tabbatar da nasara da gasa a kasuwar noma ta yau.