La Portucaria afra, wanda aka fi sani da itacen kuɗi, shukar kuɗi, daji na giwa ko kuma a sauƙaƙe portucaria, yana daya daga cikin mafi daraja a cikin aikin lambu don sauƙin kulawa, ɗanɗano mai laushi, da ikon haɓaka koda a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Kodayake yana da matukar juriya da kayan ado a duk shekara, yawancin masu sha'awar sha'awa da masu tarawa suna bin takamaiman manufa: don jin daɗin wahalarsa da na musamman. fureKoyaya, samun Portulacaria afra don bunƙasa yana buƙatar fahimtar ainihin buƙatun sa da wasu ƙayyadaddun ilimin halittu da muhallinta.
Halaye da asalin Portulacaria afra
La Portucaria afra Yana da perennial succulent ɗan ƙasa zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, inda yake tsiro daji a yankunan da ba su da yawa. A cikin mazauninta na halitta, yana iya kaiwa tsayin mita 5 kuma yana rayuwa tsawon ƙarni da yawa, yana zama tushen abinci ga dabbobi masu yawa kamar giwaye, awaki, karkanda, da tururuwa. Baya ga mahimmancinsa na muhalli, nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i). kama carbon na yanayi da inganta ingancin iska, har kadada ɗaya za ta iya kama tsakanin tan 10 zuwa 15 na carbon a kowace shekara.
Tushensa na itace, launin ruwan kasa ko launin ja, yana goyan bayan 1 zuwa 2 cm na jiki, m, da zurfin ganyen kore. Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan girma da girma ya sa Portulacaria afra Mai tsananin fari, godiya ga riƙewar ruwa a cikin foliage da kara. Hakanan ya shahara a matsayin tsire-tsire na cikin gida na ado, tsire-tsire na waje a cikin busassun lambuna, a matsayin shinge, ko ma a matsayin bonsai.
A cikin daji ko noma, ana kuma san shi da sunaye kamar Dwarf jade, daji na Jafananci, spekboom, shuka tsabar kuɗi ko shuka kuɗi, kuma ya fito waje don ƙananan girmansa idan aka kwatanta da crassula ovata ( Itacen Jade ), jinsin da ake yawan ruɗe shi amma yana da manyan ganye da ƙananan ganye.
Yaushe Portulacaria afra yayi fure?
La flowering na Portucaria afra Tsari ne da ya dogara da yanayin muhalli, halittu da al'adu. Ba a saba ganin sa yana fure a cikin gida ba. ko kuma a wuraren da yanayi ya sha bamban da na Afirka, amma a karkashin yanayi mai kyau yana iya samar da kananan furanni da aka taru a gungu a lokacin bazara. marigayi bazara da farkon bazara, daidai da karuwar zafin jiki da hasken rana.
Furen suna ƙanana, 4 zuwa 5 mm, kuma na a ruwan hoda mai tsanani, ko da yake kuma suna iya zuwa cikin inuwar lilac ko ma fari a wasu nau'ikan. Don shuka ya yi fure, yawanci yana buƙatar isa wani balagagge (ƙimantawa bayan shekaru 4-5 idan an girma daga yankan), kazalika da ɗanɗano lokacin fari na dangi da fallasa yanayin sanyi amma bai taɓa daskarewa ba yayin hunturu.
Idan lokacin sanyi ya fi tsayi ko ya fi tsayi, yana da al'ada don jinkirin fure har zuwa lokacin rani, kamar yadda Portulacaria afra yana buƙatar haɓakar zafin jiki don kunna metabolism da haɓaka haɓakar furen fure.
Bukatu da kula da flowering Portulacaria afra
Ko da yake akwai tatsuniyoyi da nasihu masu yawa game da dabaru na banmamaki don haifar da fure, gaskiyar ita ce mabuɗin yana cikin. samar da shuka tare da mafi kyau duka yanayi haske, zazzabi, ban ruwa, substrate, da hadi. Daga nan ne Portulacaria afra za ta zuba jarin wani bangare na makamashin ta wajen haifuwa ta jima'i (flowering) ba kawai a cikin girma da rayuwa ba.
Haske: maɓallin mahimmanci don fure
La hasken rana kai tsaye shine babban abin jawo furanni a Portulacaria afra. Wannan shuka yana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin sa'o'i 4 zuwa 6 na rana kowace rana. Idan bai sami isasshen haske ba, zai nuna raunin girma, faɗowar ganye, da rashin fure. An fi sanya shi a ciki lambunan rana, terraces ko baranda fuskantar kudu ko kudu maso yamma. A cikin gida, ya kamata a sanya shi kusa da tagogi masu haske kuma zai fi dacewa a cikin ɗakuna masu dumi.
Idan kawai ka sayi Portulacaria da ke cikin inuwa, sannu a hankali ƙara shi zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye don guje wa kunar rana. Fara da fallasa shi zuwa ƴan sa'o'i kaɗan kawai a wayewar gari ko faɗuwar rana, kuma ƙara yawan bayyanarwa mako-mako.
Ideal substrate da magudanar ruwa
Portucaria afra yana ƙin ƙasƙan ƙasa da ƙarancin danshi. Yana buƙatar substrate magudanar ruwa sosai, ƙasa mai yashi ko mai aman wuta wanda baya riƙe ruwa fiye da larura. Don tsire-tsire masu tukwane, ana ba da shawarar masu zuwa:
- Musamman substrate ga cacti da succulents, zai fi dacewa gauraye da m yashi, perlite, tsakuwa mai aman wuta ko faffadan lãka.
- Tukwane tare da ramukan magudanar ruwa kullum. Kada a taɓa amfani da kwantena masu hana iska.
- A cikin lambun, idan ƙasa ta kasance m, tono rami aƙalla zurfin 50 cm, rufe shi da wani yanki na 20 cm na tsakuwa, kuma a sama shi da ƙasa mai laushi.
A guji taki a kaka da hunturu ko kuma a dasa shi a wurare masu danshi, saboda hakan na iya haifar da rubewa.
Ban ruwa: ƙasa da ƙari
Daya daga cikin mafi yawan kuskure shine ambaliyaPortulacaria afra yana jure wa fari fiye da zubar ruwa. Ya kamata ku jira substrate don bushe gaba ɗaya tsakanin waterings. Hanya mai kyau ita ce shigar da tsinken hakori ko yatsa don dubawa. Idan yana da ɗanshi, jira wasu kwanaki.
- Yawan ban ruwaA cikin bazara da bazara, ruwa kowane kwanaki 7 zuwa 15 ya danganta da yanayin zafi da bushewa. A cikin kaka da hunturu, ruwa kawai lokacin da substrate ya bushe na kwanaki da yawa; kowane mako uku ko ma ƙasa da hakan na iya wadatar.
- Koyaushe ruwa sosai, jiƙa da substrate da kyau, amma Kada a bar ruwa a cikin miya a ƙarƙashin tukunyar.
- Ya fi dacewa da ruwa da ruwan sama ko kuma ruwa, ko da yake ba takura ba.
Dan damuwa ruwa (barin wasu 'yan kwanaki ba tare da shayarwa ba da zarar substrate ya bushe) na iya tayar da bayyanar furanni a cikin lafiya, tsire-tsire masu girma.
Zazzabi da kariya daga sanyi
Daga ɓangarorin ƙazamin Afirka ta Kudu, Portulacaria afra jure matsanancin yanayin zafiYana jure zafi sosai har zuwa 40ºC da sanyi dare, amma Ba ya jure sanyi mai ƙarfi ko tsawan lokaci.Yana iya jure saukowa lokaci-lokaci zuwa 0ºC idan substrate ya bushe, amma ana bada shawarar kare shi a cikin gida ko tare da bargo na thermal idan yanayin zafi ya faɗi ƙasa -1ºC.
- A cikin yanayin zafi: cikakke don amfani da waje duk shekara, sai dai a lokuta masu tsanani ko ci gaba da sanyi.
- A cikin wuraren sanyi: Shuka shi a cikin tukunya kuma a kare shi a lokacin hunturu a wurare masu kariya, guje wa canje-canje na gaggawa da zayyana.
Hadi don tada fure
Don ƙarfafa Portulacarya afra zuwa fure, yana da mahimmanci don samar da abubuwan gina jiki a daidai lokacin:
- A lokacin bazara da farkon bazara, amfani a takamaiman taki don succulents ko cacti, zai fi dacewa ruwa don mafi kyawun assimilation. Nemo wanda ke da ƙarancin abun ciki na nitrogen kuma ya fi wadata a ciki phosphorus da potassium, tun da phosphorus yana motsa bayyanar furanni.
- Matsakaicin ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance wanda masana'anta suka ba da shawarar, yawanci sau ɗaya a wata yayin lokacin girma.
- Hakanan zaka iya amfani m Organic taki, misali, guano (taki na dabba), amma a cikin ƙananan yawa.
Ka guje wa takin idan shuka ya nuna alamun damuwa (laushi, ganye masu faɗuwa, aibobi) ko a cikin watanni masu sanyi. Koyi game da kula da aikin lambu na asali.
Shekaru da girma na shuka
Ba duk Portulacaria afra ke yin fure iri ɗaya ba. Akwai samfuran da ke ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don yin fure.Gabaɗaya, suna buƙatar isa ga wani balaga na tsari kuma su daidaita tushen su kafin sadaukar da kuzari don haifuwa. Flowering yawanci ba ya faruwa har sai shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu ta rayuwa, ko ma ya fi tsayi idan an girma daga yankan.
Pruning da kiyayewa
La yankan Yana taimakawa wajen kula da m siffar kuma yana ƙarfafa haɓakar rassan sakandare, inda inflorescences yakan bayyana. Yi haka a ƙarshen lokacin sanyi ko farkon bazara, cire lalacewa, mara kyau, ko tsayin rassan, koyaushe sama da kumburi.
- Kada ku wuce gona da iri idan kuna neman fure, saboda wannan na iya jinkirta fure har zuwa kakar wasa ta gaba.
- Ana yin dasawa mafi kyau kowace shekara 3-4, kuma a farkon bazara, don sabunta substrate kuma hana tushen daga clumping. Kuna so ku koyi yadda ake datsa da kyau? Ga yadda..
Rigakafin kwari da cututtuka
Portulacaria afra yana da juriya sosai kwari da cututtuka, amma ana iya shafa su ta hanyar mealybugs, aphids ko mildew a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano sosai ko ta wuce gona da iri. Babban haɗari shine tushen ruɓa saboda yawan ruwa.
- Kula da ƙananan ganye da mai tushe, cire ƙananan kwari da hannu ko amfani da takamaiman maganin kwari idan ya cancanta. Koyi yadda ake sarrafa kwari na yau da kullun.
- A guji fesa ruwa a ganyen don hana naman gwari.
Iri-iri da sani game da Portulacaria afra
Baya ga nau'ikan nau'ikan, akwai ado iri godiya sosai:
- Portulacaria afra 'Variegata': tare da haske koren ganye tare da kirim ko farin gefuna. Kyau sosai amma ƙasa da juriya ga tsananin hasken rana.
- Portulacaria afra 'Medio-picta': ganye da manyan tsakiyar rawaya spots da lantarki ruwan hoda kara.
- Portulacaria afra 'Aurea': ganye a wanke sautunan rawaya.
- Portulacaria afra 'Limpopo': ɗan girman ganye da ɗan girma a tsaye.
- Portulacaria afra 'Prostrata': tare da al'ada mai rarrafe, manufa don rufe ƙasa da ƙirƙirar kafet na shuka.
Duk nau'ikan na iya yin fure a ƙarƙashin yanayin da suka dace kuma suna raba tauri iri ɗaya, kodayake nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan na iya buƙatar ƙarin kariya daga tsananin rana ko tsananin sanyi. Koyi yadda ake haɓaka furanni a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban.
Amfanin muhalli da kayan ado da amfani da kayan abinci
Bayan darajar kayan ado, Portulacaria afra yana da amfanin muhalli, dafuwa har ma da magunguna:
- carbon kama: Yana daya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu daraja sosai don ƙaddamar da CO2.2 yanayi.
- Abinci: Ana cin ganyayen sa, mai dan kadan mai acid a cikin salati, ko miya, ko a matsayin cin abinci tare da nama, musamman a Afirka ta Kudu.
- Kulawar fata: Ana amfani da ganyen da aka daka a matsayin wakili na kwantar da hankali ga ƙananan konewa saboda yawan ruwa da abun ciki na mucilage.
- Ana amfani dashi a cikin bonsai: Tsarin tushensa mai ƙarfi da saurin tsirowa ya sa ya zama cikakke ga salon bonsai.
- Alama: A yawancin al'adu, ana danganta shi da ikon jawo yalwa, wadata da sa'a ga gida ko kasuwanci.
Yada Portulacaria afra: ninka bishiyar ku mai yawa
Idan kana son samun ƙarin samfurori, Portulacaria afra yana da sauƙin girma. haifuwa ta hanyar yankanYaduwar iri yana da hankali sosai kuma yana da wuya a aikin lambun gida.
- Yanke yankan kimanin 10 cm tsayi, da kyau tare da 2 ko 3 nau'i-nau'i na ganye.
- Cire ƙananan ganye kuma bari yanke ya bushe na tsawon sa'o'i 24 don warkar da rauni.
- Shuka yankan a cikin danshi amma ba a jika ba, a wuri mai haske sosai amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye da farko ba.
- Bayan makonni 3-4, yankan yakan fara samar da tushen da sababbin ganye.
- Da zarar kafe, matsa zuwa wurin da ya fi rana don haɓaka girma.
Ka tuna cewa bayan yankewa, abu ne na al'ada don wasu ganye su bushe ko fadowa, amma abu mai mahimmanci shine kula da sake girma na sabon harbe.
Matsalolin gama gari: digon ganye, rashin fure da mafita
Wani lokaci, ko da tare da duk kulawa, Portulacaria afra na iya nuna matsaloli irin su ganye fada, takurewar girma, ko rashin fure. Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan dalilai:
- Yawan ruwan sama ko rashin magudanar ruwa: mafi yawan sanadin ganye mai laushi ko baki da digon ganye mai nauyi. Duba substrate kuma rage yawan ruwa.
- Rashin haske: yana haifar da raunin girma, ƙarancin ganye, da rashin furanni. Matsar da shuka zuwa wuri mafi sunni.
- Canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki: na iya sa shukar ta zubar da ganye a matsayin hanyar kariya, musamman bayan dasawa ko motsi a cikin gida.
- Rashin isashen shekaru: Idan shuka yana matashi, yana buƙatar lokaci don isa girma kuma ya fara fure.
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki: Idan ba a taɓa yin takin ba, ƙara taki a lokacin lokacin aiki.
Idan ganye sun fadi bayan yankan, wannan gaba daya al'ada ce kuma wani bangare ne na tsarin rooting.
Kuskure don gujewa da shawarwari masu amfani don cin nasara flowering
- A guji cin zarafin taki, musamman masu arziki a cikin nitrogen. Suna haɓaka haɓakar ganye amma ba girma fure ba.
- Kada a taɓa ruwa idan substrate ya jikeGara a yi kasala da a yi nisa.
- Kada a fesa ruwa a ganyen, musamman a cikin yanayi mai sanyi ko ɗanɗano.
- Lokacin dasawa ko za ku iya, bar shuka ya huta na 'yan kwanaki kafin sake shayarwa.
- Yi haƙuri:Flowing shine sakamakon shekaru na kulawa da kwanciyar hankali.
Samun Portulacaria afra don yin fure a gida ƙalubale ne da ke iya isa ga waɗanda suka ɗauki lokaci don fahimtar bukatunta, daidaita kulawar su zuwa kakar wasa, da kiyaye daidaito da hukunci kowace shekara. Jin daɗin furanninta masu ruwan hoda da ƙaƙƙarfan girma kowace shekara alama ce ta ci gaba, juriya, da yalwar yanayi a gidanmu ko lambun mu.