Nutmeg: noma, kaddarorin, fa'idodi, amfani da matakan kariya
La goro, yana fitowa daga bishiyar Myristica fragransNutmeg kayan yaji ne da aka fi samun daraja a duk duniya a cikin ilimin gastronomy da magungunan gargajiya don ƙamshin sa marar kuskure da kaddarorinsa masu yawa. Tare da zurfin tarihin tarihi, nutmeg ya kasance wani ɓangare na al'adun dafa abinci da kuma al'adun warkewa, amma kuma yana buƙatar matsakaicin amfani saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da shi. Bincika duk cikakkun bayanai game da wannan 'ya'yan itace mai mahimmanci a ƙasa, daga nomansa zuwa amfani da iyakokinsa.
Asalin, Botany da nau'ikan nutmeg
La goro Ana samunsa ne musamman daga Evergreen itace Myristica fragrans, ɗan asalin tsibirin Banda a Indonesia. Koyaya, akwai fiye da nau'ikan 80 da aka noma a cikin jinsin Myristica don samun irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa, ko da yake Myristica fragrans Ana la'akari da shi mafi inganci ta fuskar kamshi da dandano.
- Nutmeg Ita ce mai kwalli, itace, mai launin ruwan kasa wacce aka daka ko ƙasa don amfani.
- Da mace Ita ce jan aril mai haske wacce ke kewaye da iri kuma ana amfani da ita azaman kayan yaji, wanda ke da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano.
Itacen nutmeg yawanci yana girma tsakanin mita 10 zuwa 20. Yana da madadin, zurfin koren ganye da ƙanana, furanni maza da mata (dioecious). 'Ya'yan itacen yayi kama da apricot mai launin rawaya, wanda, lokacin da ya girma kuma ya rabu, yana bayyana iri da iri.
Ana samun amfanin gona na nutmeg na farko kimanin shekaru 7-9 bayan dasa shuki, amma ana samun mafi girman yawan aiki shekaru da yawa bayan haka. amfanin gona yana buƙatar yanayin zafi na wurare masu zafi, babban zafi da ƙasa mai arziki a cikin kwayoyin halitta.
Sauran abubuwan da suka dace na nutmeg
- Papuan Nutmeg (Myristica Argentina): asali daga New Guinea, godiya ga ƙamshi na musamman.
- Myristica malabarica: wanda aka fi sani da Bombay nutmeg, ana amfani da shi a Indiya duka a dafa abinci da kuma maganin ganye.
- Bucumba (Myristica bicuhyba): daga Brazil, ya ƙunshi babban matakan mahimmancin mai tare da yalwataccen myristicin.
- Sauran nau'ikan kamar Myristica fatau y Myristica iners Suna ba da nau'ikan dandano kuma an yi amfani da su a shirye-shiryen gargajiya a Asiya da Amurka.
Tarihi da ciniki na nutmeg
La goro Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manyan al'amuran duniya da suka shafi cinikin kayan yaji. Shekaru aru-aru, asalinsa da nomansa sun kasance ’yan kasuwa Larabawa suna ɓoye don kiyaye darajarsa. Daga baya, tare da fadada Turai, gasa mai tsanani ta fara tsakanin Portuguese, Dutch, da Ingilishi don rinjaye a samarwa da fitarwa.
An yi la'akari da shi wani kayan yaji ne na musamman, mai daraja wanda ya kasance a tsakiyar yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa, fadace-fadace, da yarjejeniyoyin. Fadadasa a hankali ya kawo noman nutmeg zuwa wasu yankuna masu zafi kamar Sri Lanka, Grenada, Malaysia, da sassan Kudancin Amurka.
Ta yaya ake samun nutmeg da shirya?
Tsarin hakar gabaɗaya na sana'a ne kuma, akan gonakin halitta da yawa, ya kasance baya canzawa. Lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka yi girma, suna faɗowa ƙasa. Mataki na gaba shine a bar 'ya'yan itatuwa su bushe, barin bawo su bude da kansu. Aril (mace) ana ware shi, a bushe, sannan a adana shi, ana tsaftace iri a bushe ta hanyar sarrafawa don kiyaye abubuwan da ke aiki da shi da kuma hana asarar ƙamshi. Cikakken bushewar iri da girbin da aka shirya don amfani na iya ɗaukar makonni shida.
Ana sayar da nutmeg:
- Kammala: rike da aromatic ikon a kan lokaci, manufa domin grating kafin amfani.
- Kasa ko foda: shirye don amfani nan da nan a cikin cakuda tare da sauran sinadaran ko a cikin girke-girke mai sauri (ko da yake yana rasa ƙanshin sa cikin sauƙi).
- Kamar yadda mahimmancin mai, capsules ko abubuwan cirewa: a cikin phytotherapeutic da kwaskwarima filin.
Abubuwan da ke aiki da kuma mahadi masu aiki
Wadatar nutmeg saboda ta abun da ke ciki na halitta hadaddun sosai:
- Myristicin: wani fili na phenolic tare da neuromodulatory, anti-inflammatory da carminative effects.
- Elemicin da safrole: an ba shi aikin psychoactive a cikin manyan allurai.
- Myristic acid, trimyristin, monoterpenes da phenylpropanoids: bayar da gudummawar ta aromatic, stimulating da antioxidant sakamako.
- Lignans da neolignans: tare da aikin antioxidant da yuwuwar tasirin antiparasitic da narkewa.
- Phytosterols, triterpene saponosides da polyphenols: hade da amfani effects a kan kiwon lafiya.
El nutmeg muhimmanci mai (Oleum myristicae) ya ƙunshi yawancin waɗannan mahadi kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin abinci, magunguna, kayan shafawa da masana'antar aromatherapy.
Tabbatar da kaddarorin magani da fa'idodi
- Narkewa da carminative: Yana inganta narkewa, yana kawar da kumburi; yawan zafin ciki, ciwon ciki, da tashin zuciya. Yana ƙarfafa samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu narkewa da enzymes. Gano ƙarin fa'idodin magani.
- Abubuwan kwantar da hankali da shakatawa: Godiya ga myristicin da sauran mahadi, zai iya taimakawa rage damuwa da kuma inganta barci idan an cinye shi a matsakaicin adadin kayan abinci.
- Anti-mai kumburi da analgesic: Mahimmancinsa yana ba da taimako daga ciwon tsoka, rheumatism, da ƙananan kumburi. Aiwatar da waje, ana bada shawarar don tausa.
- Antioxidant: Yana da wadata a cikin carotenoids, bitamin A, polyphenols da manganese, yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙoshin lafiya neutralization na free radicals da kuma kula da lafiyar salula.
- Antimicrobial da antifungal: Ana kimanta mahimmancin man fetur don hana ci gaban kwayoyin cuta da fungi, musamman a cikin rami na baki kuma a matsayin maganin gargajiya na maganin ƙananan cututtuka.
- Aphrodisiac da tonic: A al'adance an san shi don ƙarfafa sha'awar sha'awa da kuma yaƙar gajiya ta jiki da ta hankali.
Magungunan gargajiya na Indiyawa, Sinawa, da Larabci sun yi amfani da nutmeg don cututtuka na narkewa, ciwon kai, halitosis, zazzabi, amai, da kuma, tun zamanin gargajiya, don matsalolin yanayi da rashin barci.
Kimar abinci mai gina jiki na nutmeg
Dangane da gram 100, nutmeg yana samar da abubuwan gina jiki masu zuwa:
- Kalori: 525 kcal
- Ruwa: 6,2 g
- Sunadarai: 5,8 g
- Jimlar lipids: 36,3 g (cikakken, monounsaturated da polyunsaturated)
- Carbohydrates: 49,3 g
- Fibers: 20,8 g
- Vitamin: A (102 IU), C (3,0 mg), B1, B2, B3, B6, folic acid
- Ma'adanai: magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, jan karfe
Yana da kyakkyawan tushen micronutrients da antioxidants, kodayake yawan cin abinci na dafuwa shine gabaɗaya karkashin, don haka abincinsa na caloric ba ya haifar da hadarin abinci.
Kariya, mai guba da contraindications
Nutmeg yana da lafiya a cikin allurai na abinci na yau da kullun., amma yana iya zama mai guba kuma yana haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci daga 2-8 grams a cikin manya:
- tashin zuciya, amai, zawo da zazzabi
- Cututtukan ilimin halin ɗan adam: damuwa, rashin natsuwa, rudani, hallucinations, delirium
- Yawan zufa, bugun zuciya da kuma canje-canje a hawan jini
- Busashen baki, maƙarƙashiya, wahalar fitsari
- Mummunan haɗarin guba tare da amfani da fiye da gram 15 (sakamako mai yuwuwar mutuwa saboda yawan ƙwayar myristicin da elemicin)
Hankali ya bambanta dangane da yanayin lafiya da abubuwan halitta, kuma waɗanda ke fama da tabin hankali yakamata su ɗauki tsauraran matakan tsaro.
Mata masu juna biyu Ya kamata a guje wa manyan allurai tun lokacin da magungunan nutmeg na iya tsoma baki tare da ciki (hanawar prostaglandin, hadarin rashin haihuwa ko rashin ciki).
Can hulɗa tare da magungunan psychotropic (MAO inhibitors, anxiolytics ko antidepressants), don haka ana ba da shawarar koyaushe don tuntuɓar dacewa idan ana ci gaba da jiyya.
Ana amfani da shi wajen dafa abinci, girke-girke da nau'i-nau'i
Nutmeg yana daya daga cikin kayan kamshi masu kamshi da yawa a cikin abinci na Turai, Asiya, Amurka da Afirka. Ana grated ko yayyafa shi da ƙananan adadi, yana ƙara ɗanɗano mai dumi, mai daɗi, da ɗanɗanon citrusy a jita-jita da abubuwan sha.
Yawan jita-jita da ƙungiyar dafa abinci:
- Dankali da aka daka, bechamel da cuku miya, creams da miya.
- Cike da sabon taliya (ravioli, tortellini).
- Keke, biscuits, kukis da puddings.
- Abin sha irin su kwai, ruwan inabi mai laushi (Glögg), cider mai mulled, sangria.
- Jita-jita daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Caribbean (garam masala a Indiya, curry a Japan…).
- Marinades don nama, stews game, naman kaza da kabewa.
Haɗin kai daidai da kirfa, cloves, cardamom, bay ganye da Rosemary, ƙirƙirar hadaddun da dumin bayanan kamshi.
Nasihu don cire iyakar ƙamshi da dandano
- Gurasa adadin da ake buƙata kawai a lokacin hidima..
- Kar a taɓa wuce adadin da aka ba da shawarar (wani tsunkule ya isa ga 4 servings).
- Mafi dacewa a cikin purees, creams, biredi, gasa kayan zaki, abubuwan sha masu zafi da cocktails.
- Gwaji tare da salads ɗin 'ya'yan itace ko jita-jita masu sanyi don taɓawa mai ƙwarewa.
Shahararrun girke-girke tare da nutmeg
- Classic mashed dankali: ƙara ɗan ɗanɗano na nutmeg tare da sauran kayan yaji.
- Bechamel sauce: muhimmanci don daidaita creaminess.
- Eggnog ko ruwan inabi mai yaji: jiko da ba a tafasa ba, wanda aka yi masa ado da cloves da kirfa.
- Keke masu yaji, puddings da kayan zaki na Kirsimeti: wani kamshi mai tuno gida da al'ada.
Kiyayewa da siye
Hanya mafi kyau don adana ƙarfin ƙanshi na nutmeg shine saya gaba daya kuma a adana shi a cikin akwati marar iska, kariya daga haske, iska, danshi, da kuma tushen zafi. Ta wannan hanyar, mahimmancin mai ya kasance cikakke kuma ana iya jin daɗinsa na dogon lokaci.
- Dukan nutmeg: Mafi mashahuri zaɓi don kiyaye cikakken ƙanshi. Grate kafin ƙara.
- Kasa: m, amma abin dogaro don rasa ƙarfi da sauri.
- Koyaushe siyan tsaba masu ƙarfi, santsi, da ƙamshi don tabbatar da ingancinsu.
Curiosities da madadin amfani
A tarihi, an kuma yi amfani da nutmeg a cikin magungunan jama'a (jiko na narkewa, gauraye don warin baki), a cikin gauraya kayan yaji na gargajiya, da man shafawa don ciwon tsoka.
A cikin kayan shafawa na halitta, ana ƙara mahimman mai a cikin man shafawa, masu moisturizers, da kyandir masu ƙamshi, ana godiya saboda yanayin shakatawa da haɓakawa a cikin tausa, wanka, da abubuwan yau da kullun na aromatherapy.
Nutmeg alama ce ta duniyar kayan yaji, tana haɗa tarihi mai ban sha'awa da fa'idodi na musamman ga jiki da hankali. lafiyar narkewar abinci, jin daɗin rayuwa gabaɗaya, da jin daɗin dafa abinci. Amfani da shi ya kamata ya kasance mai hankali da tsaka-tsaki, don cin gajiyar dukkan kyawawan dabi'unsa da guje wa haɗarinsa. Daga jita-jita na gargajiya zuwa sabbin girke-girke na duniya, shahararsa na ci gaba da girma. Koyaushe zaɓi samfuran inganci kuma adana su yadda ya kamata don jin daɗinsu da kyau a kowane lokaci. kamshi, dandano da lafiya Properties wanda ke bada ingantacciyar goro.
