da 'yan kwalliya Su kwari ne na phytophagous waɗanda ke wakiltar ɗayan mafi tsayi da lahani a cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida, tsire-tsire na greenhouse, bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace da nau'in kayan ado na waje. Siffar su yayi kama da na gyale ko na ruwa, kuma ana siffanta su tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ganye, mai tushe da kuma wani lokacin tushen. Wannan harin na iya zama mai lalacewa, yayin da yake ci gaba da raunana tsire-tsire kuma yana ƙarfafa bayyanar baƙin namomin kaza irin su sooty mold, saboda ƙyalƙyasar ƙanƙarar ruwan zuma da suke barin kan ganyen.
A cikin wannan cikakkiyar labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake gano kwaro, nemo matakan rigakafi, amfani da magunguna na gida, amfani da samfuran kasuwanci masu inganci, aikin sarrafa ilimin halitta, da yadda ake aiwatar da dabaru masu ɗorewa don kawar da kwari da kare lafiyar tsire-tsire duk shekara.
Menene mealybugs kuma ta yaya suke shafar tsire-tsire?
Mealybugs kwari ne na tsari Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, na iyalai. Pseudococcidae (ma'aunin kushin auduga) da coccidae (tsira da ma'aunin kwari masu wuya). Sun zo da yawa siffofi da kuma girma dabam, da kuma jinsunan ƙananan, m, jiki mai laushi, an rufe shi da wani farin, abu mai kakin zuma (mai kama da auduga), da sauran su harsashi mai wuya wanda ke samar da ƙananan ƙwai-kamar harsashi akan mai tushe da ganye.
Rayuwarsu tana da alaƙa da yanayi mai dumi da ɗanɗano, kodayake yawancin nau'ikan sun sami nasarar daidaita yanayin da ake sarrafawa da kuma kare noma, suna sauƙaƙe yaduwar su har cikin gida.
Wadannan kwari suna kai hari a iri-iri iri-iriDaga citrus da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa, kurangar inabi, bishiyar ɓaure, da masu rarrafe zuwa tsire-tsire masu ado da cacti, mealybug yana amfani da ɓangaren tsotsan bakinsa don fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, yana raunana shuka, yana hana girma, kuma yana sa ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka, ganyen da bai kai ba, da nakasa ko 'ya'yan itace.
Bambance-bambance da nau'ikan mealybugs
Akwai nau'ikan mealybugs da yawa waɗanda zasu iya bayyana akan tsire-tsire na gida ko waɗanda aka noma:
- Cottony mealybug (Planococcus citri)Yawanci akan citrus da tsire-tsire na cikin gida. An bambanta shi da taushi, fari, jiki mai laushi, an rufe shi da auduga, ɓoyayyen ɓoye. Yawancin lokaci ana samun shi a cikin axils, harbe masu laushi, da ƙarƙashin ganye.
- Mealybug mai narkewa (Ceroplastes rusci): Tare da haske launin ruwan kasa, elongated, striated harsashi. Na kowa akan bishiyar ɓaure, bishiyar citrus, katako, camellias, bishiyar zaitun, da laurel.
- mealybug mai dogon wutsiya (Pseudococcus longispinus): Ya fi son zama a cikin tushen, yana da wuya a gano. Yana da illa musamman ga tsire-tsire na ado da 'ya'yan itace.
- Ma'aunin matashin auduga na itacen inabi (Planococcus ficus): Ya fi kai hari ga gonakin inabi, amma kuma yana iya lalata wasu tsire-tsire na ado da 'ya'yan itace.
- Ma'aunin dabino: Nau'in da suka dace da dabino da tsire-tsire masu zafi, tare da ƙarfin juriya.
- Maƙarƙashiyar mealybug: Suna haifar da ƙumburi da kusoshi waɗanda ake sauƙin gani akan tushe da ganye, kuma suna iya barin ragowar bayan sun mutu.
Zagayowar rayuwa da haifuwa
Zagayowar rayuwa na mealybug yana canzawa, amma yawancin suna bin waɗannan matakan:
- da manya mata Suna yin ƙwai da aka lulluɓe da wani farin kakin zuma wanda ke ba da kariya ga mafarauta da rashin ruwa.
- da nymphs, sababbin fitowar, suna da hannu sosai kuma suna bazuwa cikin shuka, suna yada kwaro cikin sauri.
- A cikin wuraren da aka karewa (Greenhouse, a cikin gida), mealybug na iya haifuwa a duk shekara, yayin da a waje zagayowar takan iyakance ga tsara ɗaya a kowace shekara.
- da manya Suna zaune kuma suna kasancewa a haɗe na dogon lokaci ko da bayan sun mutu, don haka saka idanu na gani ya kamata ya mayar da hankali ga sababbin sassan shuka.
Alamomin kamuwa da cutar mealybug
Gano mealybugs da wuri yana da mahimmanci don samun nasarar magani. Alamomin kamuwa da cutar sun hada da:
- Fararen auduga a cikin ganye, axils, mai tushe da kuma wani lokacin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
- Kumburi, scabs, ko ma'auni a kan mai tushe da ƙananan ganye (a cikin kwari masu wuya-harsashi).
- Gaban m molasses a kan shuka da ƙasa, wanda ke jin daɗin bayyanar baƙar fata fungi, wanda aka sani da sooty mold.
- Yellow, maras kyau, bushewar ganye ko faɗuwar da bai kai ba; gagarumin raguwa a cikin girma.
- Rashin samarwa ko nakasasshen 'ya'yan itace a cikin tsire-tsire masu girma.
- A lokuta masu tsanani, shuka zai iya nunawa bayyanar rashin lafiya, raunin gaba ɗaya har ma da mutuwa saboda damuwa da rauni na yau da kullun.
Dalilai da kyawawan yanayi don bayyanar mealybugs
Mealybugs yakan zauna akan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke gabatar da ɗaya ko fiye na waɗannan abubuwan:
- Wuraren dumi da ɗanɗano, na al'ada na greenhouses, gilashin-in terraces da yankunan da rashin samun iska.
- Damuwar shuka saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashin daidaituwar ruwa (yawanci ko rashin ban ruwa), dashewa ko tsatsa mai tsauri.
- Rashin tsaftacewa da kashe kwayoyin cuta a cikin tukwane, kayan aiki da kayan aiki, wanda zai iya haɓaka gabatarwar kwatsam na kwai ko manya.
- Sadarwa watsawa tsakanin tsire-tsire, ta hanyar iska, kwari ko kuma ta hanyar siyan tsire-tsire masu cutarwa.
- Rashin lokaci-lokaci phytosanitary controls da lura da gani a cikin amfanin gona da lambunan gida.
Hanyoyin kawar da mealybugs daga tsire-tsire
Kawar da Mealybug yana buƙatar haɗakar dabaru daban-daban dangane da matakin kamuwa da cuta, nau'in shuka, da zaɓin gudanarwa. Ga yadda za a yi: mafi inganci hanyoyin:
1. Cire da hannu da magungunan gida
- Tsaftacewa da shan barasaDamke kwandon auduga ko zane tare da barasa isopropyl kuma a hankali tsaftace wuraren da aka lalata. Barasa yana narkar da Layer waxy mai kariya kuma yana kawar da mealybugs nan da nan. Mafi dacewa don ƙananan wurare masu zafi ko tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
- Matsi shawaA kan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, babban matsi mai ƙarfi na iya fitar da kwari da ƙwai waɗanda aka fi gani. Wannan hanya tana da tasiri wajen cire kwari daga ganye da mai tushe, kodayake ba zai shafi waɗanda ke ɓoye a cikin ramuka ko tushen ba.
- Sabulun Potassium: Tsarma sabulun potassium a cikin ruwa bin umarnin masana'anta sannan a fesa shukar gaba daya, mai da hankali kan kasan ganye da wuraren da ba za a iya isa ba. Sabulun ya kai hari ga ma'aunin ma'aunin kwari, yana shaƙa shi kuma yana sauƙaƙa cirewa.
- Maganin gida tare da yin burodi soda, kofi da wankaA shirya cakuda rabin gilashin ruwa, rabin cokali na soda burodi, rabin cokali na kofi, da digo uku zuwa biyar na wankan ruwa. Aiwatar zuwa ga substrate ko fesa a kan wuraren da abin ya shafa. Wannan hanya tana taimakawa hana sake girma kuma tana aiki azaman mai tunkuɗe sabbin cututtuka.
- Cakuda tafarnuwa, miya mai zafi da ruwaAn ba da shawarar don tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi ko juriya, a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1. Fesa a wuraren da abin ya shafa, guje wa yawan jika na furanni da 'ya'yan itace.
- Diatomaceous duniyaYayyafa shi a kan ma'auni ko kai tsaye akan kwari don haifar da bushewa da mutuwa a cikin kwanaki. Ba shi da guba ga mutane da dabbobin gida kuma ana iya amfani dashi a cikin noma.
2. Kula da halittu
- Gabatarwar kwari masu tsini parasitoid wasps (Alal misali, anagyrus pseudococciko ladybugs (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri). Wadannan nau'in nau'in suna sarrafa kwari da kwari ta dabi'a, musamman a cikin greenhouses ko amfanin gona mai girma.
- Amfani da m mites wanda ke kai hari ga ƙwai da nymphs na mealybug.
- da wasoson parasitic Suna da tasiri musamman a kan kwari masu laushi da auduga, suna yin aiki a duk shekara a cikin amfanin gona masu kariya.
3. Kayayyakin kasuwanci da sinadarai
- Tsarin tsari da tuntuɓar magungunan kashe qwari: A acetamiprid Yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran da aka fi ba da shawarar don tsire-tsire na ado da wasu bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace (apple, pear, da peach). Koyaushe bi jagororin alamar kuma kula da allurai da jagororin aminci.
- Fassarar muhalli bisa ga mai kayan lambu ko fatty acids: Suna buƙatar aikace-aikace da yawa, amma suna da aminci ga yawancin tsire-tsire masu ci da kayan ado, kuma suna da ƙananan tasirin muhalli.
- Maganin kashe kwari na halitta dangane da man neem, paraffin ko pyrethrinsSuna da tasiri kuma sun dace da noman kwayoyin halitta. Ana ba da shawarar man Neem musamman don aikin dagewarsa da ƙarancin haɗari ga ƙudan zuma da sauran namun daji.
4. Gudanar da rigakafi da kyawawan ayyuka
- Bincika tsire-tsire akai-akai don gano kwari a farkon matakan su.
- Ware duk wani tsire-tsire da ya mamaye don hana yaduwa.
- Kashe kayan aikin, tukwane, da wuraren girma tsakanin amfani.
- Yana hana zafi da yawa kuma yana inganta samun iska a cikin greenhouses, terraces, da wuraren gida.
- Kula da tsire-tsire lafiya tare da daidaiton takin mai magani da shayarwa wanda ya dace da ainihin bukatunsu.
- Gabatar da sabbin tsire-tsire kawai bayan keɓewa da cikakken dubawa na gani.
Yadda za a hana bayyanar mealybugs akan tsire-tsire?
- Rigakafi da lura akai-akai sune mabuɗin don guje wa kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani. Bincika ganye, mai tushe, da ƙasan tsire-tsire kowane mako.
- Gwada amfani Takin gargajiya da phytofortifiers irin su nettle ko horsetail slurry, wanda ke ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi na shuka.
- Ka guji cunkoso shuke-shuke da kiyaye isasshen sarari tsakanin tukwane.
- Cire duk wani ganye, harbe, ko 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi don hana kwari daga ajiyar su kuma don guje wa ruɓewa wanda ke ƙarfafa kwari.
- Ruwa zai fi dacewa da safe, barin ganyen ya bushe yayin rana da kuma hana yaduwar fungi da mealybugs.
Shawarwari bisa ga nau'in shuka da muhalli
- En citrus da bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace masu tsiro, a yi amfani da magungunan rigakafin tare da mai kayan lambu da yin tsabtace hannu yayin lokutan ƙarancin aiki.
- para succulents da cacti, fita don hanyoyin hannu da sarrafa zafi (kauce wa ruwan sama wanda ke inganta kwari).
- En greenhouses ko tsire-tsire na cikin gida, yana ba da fifikon tsaftacewa, samun iska da sarrafa ilimin halitta.
- En dabino, duba tushe da kambi na ganye, wuraren da wasu nau'in mealybug suka fi so.
Tatsuniyoyi da kura-kurai na yau da kullun yayin da ake mu'amala da mealybugs
- Ba duka ba magungunan kashe kwari na gida suna da tasiri; wasu magunguna na iya cutar da shuka idan ba a yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata ba (yawan amfani da barasa ko sabulu na iya haifar da konewa ko faɗuwar ganye).
- Guji kula da tsire-tsire a lokacin mafi girman lokacin hasken rana don hana lalacewar ganye.
- Mealybugs na iya haɓaka juriya idan ana amfani da samfur iri ɗaya akai-akai; madadin hanyoyin da samfurori don hana wannan.
Tambayoyi akai-akai game da mealybugs akan tsire-tsire
- Shin cochineal yana shafar mutane ko dabbobi? A'a, amma sarrafa maganin kwari yana buƙatar taka tsantsan. Mealybugs suna cutarwa kawai ga tsirrai.
- Yaushe za a yi amfani da jiyya? Yi wannan zai fi dacewa da sassafe ko da magriba kuma a maimaita gwargwadon girman cutar da umarnin samfurin da aka yi amfani da shi.
- Shin mealybug zai iya dawowa bayan an kawar da shi? Ee. Gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na makonni da yawa bayan jiyya kuma a yi amfani da hanyoyin rigakafin da zarar an kawar da babban kwaro.
Gallery na lokuta da misalai na gani na mealybugs
Maganin halitta da muhalli don kawar da cochineal
- Barasa da ruwa: Mix barasa da ruwa kuma a shafa tare da feshi ko zane zuwa wuraren da abin ya shafa.
- Sabulun Potassium: Safe, mai yuwuwa, da madadin mahalli. Mafi dacewa don magance kwari a farkon matakan su.
- Duniya mai diatomaceous da man neem: Abubuwan halitta, masu dacewa da aikin noma na halitta kuma mai lafiya ga dabbobi da mutane.
- Mix soda burodi, kofi da abin wanka: Sauƙaƙan aikace-aikacen akan substrate da wuraren matsala don dakatar da yaduwa.
Nasihu don guje wa sake girma
- Maimaita jiyya na dabi'a kowane 'yan kwanaki na mako daya zuwa biyu har sai an tabbatar da kawar da su gaba daya.
- Idan cutar ta ci gaba bayan aikace-aikace da yawa, musanya tsakanin hanyoyin kuma, idan ya cancanta, haɗa tare da samfuran kasuwanci na ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Kula da aikin lura na mako-mako don amsa da sauri ga alamun farko, duka a cikin bazara da cikin shekara cikin gida.
- Ƙarfafa lafiyar shuka tare da na gina jiki, tsaftataccen pruning da gyara ban ruwa, iyakance yanayin da ya dace da kwaro.
Kare shuke-shuken ku daga mealybugs aiki ne mai ci gaba, yana buƙatar lura, amsa da wuri, da haɗuwa da ingantattun hanyoyin abokantaka na muhalli. Yi amfani da madadin na halitta da na halitta don kiyaye shuke-shuken ku lafiya da ƙarfi, kuma zaɓi mafita na ƙwararru kawai lokacin da cutar ta buƙaci ta. Tsayawa a faɗake, ƙarfafa ma'aunin muhalli, da yin rigakafi zai ba ku damar jin daɗin lambun da ba shi da abinci a duk shekara.