Tabbatacciyar jagorar magungunan gida don yaƙar kwari kwari

Kwari a kan tsire-tsire Suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubale ga waɗanda suke girma a cikin lambunan birane, filaye, da lambuna, da kuma a cikin manyan gonaki. Kwarin da fungi da ke kai hari ga tsire-tsire na iya haifar da lalacewa, rage girma, da haifar da babbar hasara idan ba a yi gaggawar magance su ba. Labari mai dadi shine, tun kafin bayyanar magungunan kashe qwari, an yi amfani da su gida da magungunan gargajiya Don yaƙar waɗannan kwari cikin dorewa, tattalin arziki, kuma ba tare da yin barazana ga daidaiton lafiya ko muhalli ba. Anan, zaku gano mafi kyawun tsarin dabaru, mafita, sinadarai, da hanyoyin kawarwa da hana kwari a cikin kowane nau'in shuke-shuke ta amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, tare da cikakkun bayanai game da amfaninsu, tasiri, da la'akari.

Me yasa zabar magungunan gida don magance kwari?

Yawan amfani da sinadarai a aikin lambu da noma yana haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. A cewar ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, ci gaba da hulɗa da magungunan kashe qwari na iya haifar da matsaloli a cikin tsarin rigakafi, haifuwa, da kuma jijiya, da kuma shafar nau'ikan halittu (masu pollinators, ƙasa, da ruwan ƙasa). Madadin gida da muhalli Suna amfani da sinadarai na halitta, waɗanda yawancinsu ana samun su a cikin ɗakin abinci ko a gida, suna nuna tasiri mai ban mamaki a tsawon shekaru a kan kwari, fungi, da ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da cutar da kwayoyin halitta masu amfani ba ko barin ragowar masu cutarwa.

Rigakafin yana da mahimmanci kamar magani. Tsayar da shuke-shuke da ƙarfi tare da shayarwa da hadi mai kyau, guje wa danshi mai ɗorewa, da haɓaka yanayin iska sune mahimman matakai waɗanda idan aka haɗa su da magunguna na halitta, tabbatar da amfanin gona mai kyau ba tare da kwari ba.

Babban kwari da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin tsire-tsire

Gano daidai nau'in kwaro ko cuta a cikin tsire-tsire yana da mahimmanci don amfani da magani mafi inganci. Mafi yawan alamun sun haɗa da:

• Ganye mai launin rawaya, murɗe, ko murɗe: Suna iya nuna harin aphids, mites ko kasancewar fungi.
• Tabon fari/rawaya, ƙura ko ɗanɗano foda: Alamomin Itace Itace, powdery mildew, mildew downy ko gaban ruwan zuma da kwari ke samarwa.
• Sannu a hankali, maras kyau furanni o rauni sprouting: Kwaro na ciki ko tsotsan ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai tsanani.
• Kasancewar kananan kwari, tururuwa ko hanyoyin slime: Suna nuna Farin tashi, tururuwa hade da aphids o slugs/katantanwa.
• Ganyayyaki da mai tushe tare da ramuka: Suna iya zama aikin caterpillars, tsutsotsi ko wasu lepidopterans.

Yadda za a shirya da kuma amfani da mafi inganci magunguna na gida a kan kwari

A ƙasa muna daki-daki yadda ake yin da amfani da magungunan da suka tabbatar da mafi inganci a kan mafi yawan kwari.

Tafarnuwa: maganin kwari daidai gwargwado

Tafarnuwa Ya ƙunshi mahadi na sulfur tare da babban ikon kashe kwari, yana aiki azaman mai hanawa kuma, a wani ɓangare, azaman fungicide. Yana da amfani musamman a kan aphids, mites, slugs, katantanwa da sauran kwari masu tsotsa.

• Shiri: A haxa kan tafarnuwa da ƴan ƙwanƙwasa da ruwan gilashin biyu a cikin blender. Bari wannan cakuda ya zauna na tsawon awanni 24 sannan a tsoma shi da karin lita uku na ruwa. Tace ruwan kafin amfani.
• Aplicación: Fesa ganyen, musamman na ƙasa, ko shayar da wuraren da abin ya shafa. Maimaita mako-mako ko bayan ruwan sama mai yawa.

Tumatir: kariya ta halitta daga caterpillars da aphids

da ganyen tumatir Suna tattara alkaloids (mafi yawa tomatine), waɗanda ke da ƙarfi da guba ga aphids, tsutsotsi da caterpillars.

• Shiri: Cika kofuna biyu da yankakken ganyen tumatir, a zuba ruwa a rufe, a bar shi ya zauna na akalla dare daya. Sa'an nan, a tsoma cakuda da karin kofuna biyu na ruwa da kuma iri.
• Aplicación: Fesa tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa, guje wa hulɗa da dabbobi saboda yana iya zama mai guba a gare su.

Kwai: ayyuka biyu na taki da shingen jiki

da kwan ƙwai Ba wai kawai suna takin ƙasa ta hanyar samar da calcium ba, amma idan an niƙa su kuma suna yadawa a gindin tsire-tsire suna aiki a matsayin shinge na jiki daga katantanwa, slugs da wasu caterpillars.

• Shiri: A wanke da bushe bawon da kyau, sa'an nan kuma niƙa su kanana ko kuma m foda.
• Aplicación: Raba foda a kusa da tushe na tsire-tsire ko a kan ƙasan tukunyar. Sabunta bayan ruwan sama.

Nettle: maganin kwari, fungicides da takin gargajiya

El nettle slurry Yana daya daga cikin magungunan muhalli masu ƙarfi, mai arziki a cikin silica, formic acid, nitrogen da sauran mahadi waɗanda ke ƙarfafa lafiyar shuka.

• Shiri: Mix 100 grams na sabo nettle (sanya safar hannu don kauce wa fushi) da lita 10 na ruwa. Bari ya yi zafi har tsawon kwanaki 4 zuwa 20 (ya danganta da abin da ake so), yana motsawa kullum.
• Aplicación: A tsoma slurry (100 ml a kowace lita na ruwa) a fesa ganye ko a shafa a ƙasa. Yana da amfani da aphids, fungi, powdery mildew da downy mildew.

Neem: mai tare da rigakafin rigakafi da maganin warkewa

Cire daga itacen Azadiachta indica, da man neem Yana aiki azaman maganin kashe kwari kuma yana da tasiri akan aphids, mites, mealybugs, thrips da fungiAbubuwan da ke aiki da shi yana sa shuka ya yi ɗaci, yana tunkuɗe ƙwayoyin cuta da hana ci gaban kwari.

• Shiri: Tsarma 10 zuwa 15 ml na man neem a cikin lita 1 na ruwa, ƙara ɗigon digo na sabulu mai tsaka tsaki don inganta emulsion.
• Aplicación: Fesa ganyen da abin ya shafa da mai tushe, zai fi dacewa da magriba ko kuma a ranakun gajimare. Maimaita kowane mako biyu a matsayin ma'aunin rigakafi da mako-mako yayin kamuwa da cuta.

Potassium sabulu: mafi m muhalli bayani

El sabulun potassium Wani sinadari ne na shuka wanda ke kawar da kariyar kariya ta kwari masu cuticle masu laushi (aphids, whitefly, mealybug), haifar da shaƙewa.

• Shiri: Narke 20-30 ml na sabulun potassium a cikin lita 1 na ruwa. Kuna iya ƙara man kayan lambu kaɗan don haɓaka tasirin.
• Aplicación: Fesa dukan shuka, musamman undersides na ganye da matasa harbe. Maimaita kowane kwanaki 5-7.

Vinegar: iri-iri na amfani wajen magance kwari

El Farin khal da kuma apple cider vinegar Suna da amfani azaman masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, fungicides da magungunan kwari, baya ga taimakawa kayan aikin tsabta da kuma kawar da lemun tsami a cikin ruwa.

• Shiri: Ga kwari, sai a haxa ruwan vinegar guda daya da ruwa sassa uku a fesa a wuraren da abin ya shafa.
• Don amfani azaman maganin ciyawa, a haxa lita daya na vinegar da gilashin ruwan lemun tsami guda daya a fesa a kan ciyawa (ka guji cudanya da tsire-tsire na ado ko na ci).
• Aplicación: Yi amfani da kai tsaye akan ƙwayoyin cuta masu iya gani, guje wa ranakun rana don hana ƙonewa.

Faski, cilantro da sauran kayan kamshi

da tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi irin su faski ko cilantro suna da matakan mahimmancin mai da ke tunkuɗewa aphids, mites da tsutsotsi. Ana iya amfani da su a cikin jiko:

• Shiri: Tafasa rassan da yawa na minti 10, tace kuma bari sanyi.
• Aplicación: Fesa a kan tsire-tsire ko a gindi, musamman bayan ruwan sama.

Milk: fungicides na halitta da ƙarfafawa

La madara Tsohuwar kawa ce, ana amfani da ita don rigakafi da magani namomin kaza kamar powdery mildew da downy mildew. Sunadaran sa suna aiki azaman maganin kashe kwari a rana kuma suna ƙarfafa kariyar shuka.

• Shiri: A haxa madarar kashi daya (zai fi dacewa sabo da mara faxa) da ruwa kashi biyu ko uku.
• Aplicación: Fesa ganye a sake maimaita magani kowane kwanaki 10, musamman bayan ruwan sama ko ruwa mai yawa.

Taba: maganin kwari na halitta na iyakantaccen amfani

El taba sigari Ya ƙunshi nicotine, wanda ke da guba ga kwari kuma yana da tasiri sosai ja gizo-gizo, aphids da mealybugsBa a ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi a kan tsire-tsire masu cin abinci kusa da girbi.

• Shiri: Mix 60 grams na taba (ko 3-4 sigari marasa tacewa) a cikin lita ɗaya na ruwa kuma ƙara gram 10 na sabulu mai tsaka tsaki. Bari cakuda ya zauna na kwana ɗaya ko biyu, a tace, kuma a yi amfani da shi.
• Aplicación: Fesa ganye a kowane kwanaki bakwai na makonni da yawa, tare da guje wa hulɗa da furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa don amfani da sauri.

Man kayan lambu da sabulu: garkuwa daga caterpillars da aphids

Cakuda man kayan lambu da sabulun ruwa yana aiki ta shaƙa aphids, mealybugs, mites da caterpillars ba tare da cutar da shuka ba idan an yi amfani da shi a waje da sa'o'in matsakaicin hasken rana.

• Shiri: Mix kofuna biyu na man kayan lambu tare da rabin kofi na sabulu mai tsabta. Beat har sai kun sami emulsion mai santsi.
• Aplicación: A tsoma wannan hadin a cikin ruwa kafin a yi feshi (cokali daya a kowace lita na ruwa) sannan a shafa da abin feshi a wuraren da ake fama da cutar.

Chili ko barkono: mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ga kwari masu tsayi

El Chile da kuma barkono Su ne magunguna waɗanda, godiya ga capsaicin ko alkaloids na yaji, na iya kiyaye sauro a bakin teku. farin kwari, aphids, tsutsotsi, gizo-gizo da sauro.

• Shiri: A haxa barkonon tsohuwa 10 (ko ɗigon ƙasa na barkono) da ruwa kofuna biyu da cokali ɗaya na sabulu mai laushi ko mai. Bari cakuda ya zauna na dare. Tace kuma ƙara ƙarin ruwa idan ya cancanta.
• Aplicación: Fesa da daddare, sanya safar hannu don guje wa fushi da kuma tabbatar da cewa bai fada kan dabbobi ko yara ba.

Detergent, gishiri, da lemun tsami: abokan gaba da tururuwa

Sarukan tururuwa, ko da yake ba koyaushe ba ne kwari, na iya ƙarfafa kasancewar aphids. Don sarrafa su:

• Abun wanka: A narke cokali guda na wanka mai tsaka tsaki a cikin lita guda na ruwa a zuba a cikin gidan tururuwa.
• Gishiri: Yayyafa gishiri mai kauri akan hanyoyin tururuwa don nisantar da su.
• Lemun tsami: Fesa ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami akan rassan da kututtuka.

Magungunan gida don takamaiman kwari na shuka

Aphids

• Ruwan sabulu: Fesa ruwan sabulu (potassium ko sabulu tsaka tsaki) akan ganyen.
• Jiko tafarnuwa: M da sauki shirya. Fesa mako-mako.
• Neem mai: Aiwatar kowane mako biyu ko bayan ruwan sama.
• Faski ko cilantro jiko: Fesa a kan mazauna.
• Madadin magunguna kowane zagayowar don kauce wa juriya a cikin kwaro.

Farin tashi

• Lavender, calendula ko Basil: Dasa shuki a kusa da amfanin gona yana jawo pollinators kuma yana korar farin kwari.
• Jiko na tafarnuwa ko barkono mai zafi: Fesa a ƙarƙashin ganyen.

Cottony mealybugs

• Auduga da aka jika a cikin barasa da ruwan zafi: Aiwatar kai tsaye zuwa wuraren da ake kamuwa da cutar.
• Samfurin haɗin sabulun Neem da potassium: Fesa kowane mako har sai an kawar da kwaro.

Katantanwa da slugs

• Dankakken kwai: Yada a kan substrate.
• Giya: Sanya kwantena na giya a matakin ƙasa na dare don jawo hankali da kama slugs.
• Toka itace, m gishiri (a kan filastik) da yashi kogi: Ƙirƙirar shinge a kusa da amfanin gona.

Caterpillars da kore tsutsotsi

• Tumatir, tafarnuwa ko cilantro jiko: Fumite yankunan da abin ya shafa mako-mako.
• barkono mai zafi ko barkono barkono: Watsa ƙananan sassa a kusa da tushe.
• Chromatic ko tarkon hannu: A lokaci-lokaci saka idanu da cire caterpillars na bayyane.

Mites da ja gizo-gizo

• Sabulun potassium, tafarnuwa ko man neem: Fesa mako-mako ko bayan ruwan sama.
• Fesa busassun lavender da furanni masu kamshi: Yana tunkudewa da hana shigar mites.

Powdery mildew, downy mildew da sauran fungi

• Milk diluted a cikin ruwa: Fesa kowane kwana goma akan ganye.
• Potassium bicarbonate da sabulu tsaka tsaki: Aiwatar a cikin ƙananan allurai, musanya tare da madara.
• Decoction na chamomile, nettle ko horsetail: Yi amfani da matsayin rigakafi da magani.
• Cire ganyen marasa lafiya da inganta samun iska a kusa da shuke-shuke.

Tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi da ƙungiyoyi masu amfani da kwari

Intersperse aromatics irin su Lavender, thyme, Mint, Rosemary, Sage, Albasa ko marigold yana ƙaruwa da bambance-bambancen halittu kuma yana aiki azaman shinge na halitta daga kwari:

• Lavender da calendula: Suna korar farin kwari, aphids, da katantanwa.
• Mint da thyme: Suna kawar da mites da tururuwa.
• Basil: Yana da amfani don tunkuɗe farin kwari daga citrus da sauran nau'ikan.
• Borage da tsutsotsi: Dasa a kan gefuna, suna hana shigar da tsutsotsi kuma suna kare amfanin gona na tsakiya.

Ayyukan aikace-aikace da shawarwarin aminci don maganin gida

• Gwaji: Kafin amfani da kowane magani ga shuka gaba ɗaya, gwada ƙaramin yanki don tabbatar da cewa baya haifar da phytotoxicity.
• Kariyar sirri: Sanya safar hannu da abin rufe fuska yayin sarrafa mai, sabulu, ko abubuwan ban haushi (kamar barkono barkono ko taba).
• Jadawalai masu kyau: Fesa zai fi dacewa da sanyin safiya ko maraice don guje wa kunar rana da samun babban tasiri.
• Daidaituwa da juyawa: Sauya kuma maimaita jiyya don hana juriya da kawar da ƙwai ko tsutsa waɗanda suka tsira daga aikace-aikacen farko.
• Kayan aikin tsaftacewa da tukwane: Kashe lokaci-lokaci da ruwa da vinegar don hana yaduwar cuta.

Yadda za a hana bayyanar kwari ta hanyar muhalli

• Kula da abinci mai gina jiki da ban ruwa: Tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi da daidaitawa suna tsayayya da hare-hare mafi kyau.
• Guji cin zarafin nitrogen: Inganta ci gaban m da m mai tushe.
• Ka kiyaye lambun ku babu ciyawa: Ciyawa suna zama mafaka da tafki ga kwari.
• Haɗa amfanin gona da tsire-tsire masu hanawa: Lambunan halittu suna da ƙarancin kamuwa da kwari.
• Yana inganta samun iska: Tsayayyen danshi yana haifar da fungi da cututtuka.
• Yi amfani da tarkon chromatic: Manna da rawaya ko kwali shuɗi don kama fararen kwari da sauran kwari masu tashi.
• Yana adanawa da haɓaka fauna masu taimako: Ladybugs, lacewings da tsuntsayen kwari sune manyan abokan haɗin gwiwa a cikin sarrafa yanayi.

Ƙarin magunguna da ƙananan sanannun amfani

• Sodium bicarbonate: Mai tasiri azaman fungicides diluted a cikin ruwa tare da digo na sabulun tasa.
• Beer don slugs/beetles: Tarko mara kuskure don jawo hankali da kawar da waɗannan kwari.
• Itace toka: Yayyafa a kusa da shuke-shuke a matsayin shinge na jiki ga slugs.
• Barasa a cikin infusions: Yana haɓaka tasirin tafarnuwa da tsantsar albasa akan mealybugs da aphids.
• Lemun tsami: Yin goge rassan da kututtuka tare da ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami yana kawar da tururuwa kuma yana da ƙarancin fungicides.
• Haskaka da tsafta: Ruwan da aka yayyafa, vinegar ko madara mai narkewa sosai don tsaftace ganye da kuma kula da lafiyar shuka.

Kuskuren gama gari don gujewa lokacin amfani da magungunan gida

• Yawan shayarwa bayan aikace-aikacen: Yana wanke maganin kuma yana rage tasirinsa.
• Yawan sha: Zai iya haifar da phytotoxicity a cikin tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci.
• Kada ku canza magunguna: Wasu kwari suna haɓaka juriya idan ana amfani da wannan dabara koyaushe.
• Aikace-aikace a cikin sa'o'i na tsananin hasken rana: Yana haifar da kuna mai tsanani.
• Kada a cire ragowar kwaro (kwai, ganye masu cuta): Yana son reinfestations.

Tambayoyi akai-akai game da sarrafa kwari a cikin tsire-tsire tare da magungunan gida

1. Shin magungunan gida suna da tasiri kamar magungunan sinadarai?
   Idan aka yi amfani da shi daidai kuma akai-akai, magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya sarrafa yawancin kwari, musamman a cikin lambuna na gida ko ƙananan filayen kayan lambu. Babban fa'idarsu shine amincin su ga yara, dabbobin gida, da halittu masu amfani.
2. Zan iya amfani da magunguna iri ɗaya akan tsire-tsire na cikin gida da waje?
   Ee, ko da yake yana da kyau a haɓaka samun iska a cikin gida da kuma guje wa samfuran mai da yawa don nau'ikan nau'ikan m.
3. Shin magungunan suna shafar ƙudan zuma ko pollinators?
   A'a, sai dai idan an fesa furen fure tare da mai ko sabulu mai ma'ana sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake ba da shawarar yin amfani da waje na lokacin tashin pollinator.
4. Sau nawa ya kamata a yi amfani da magungunan?
   Da kyau, maimaita mako-mako yayin kamuwa da cuta da kowane kwanaki 15 a matsayin ma'aunin rigakafin, daidaitawa da yanayin (ruwan sama, zafi mai zafi, da sauransu).
5. Zan iya hada magunguna da yawa?
   Ana iya haɗuwa da wasu magunguna (misali, sabulun potassium da ruwan 'ya'yan itace), amma yakamata a duba haƙurin shuka koyaushe.