Cikakken jagora ga kwari da cututtuka a cikin cacti da succulents: alamomi, jiyya, da rigakafin

Cacti da succulents Sun shahara saboda juriyarsu, da ikon su na rayuwa a cikin yanayi mara kyau, da sauƙin kulawa. Duk da haka, wannan suna sau da yawa yana haifar da rashin la'akari da matsalolin da za a iya bayyana su, musamman game da su kwari, cututtuka da cututtuka na jiki waɗanda zasu iya haifar da lalacewa marar lalacewa idan ba a gano su ba kuma a yi musu magani cikin lokaci.

Wannan labarin yana tattarawa a cikin daki-daki kuma cikakke Babban kwari da cututtuka waɗanda zasu iya shafar cacti, succulents da sauran tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Kunshe Nasihun rigakafin, alamomi, ingantattun jiyya, da dalilai masu tushe, da kuma cikakkun bayanai na ilimin halitta game da abubuwa masu cutarwa, don taimaka muku kiyaye tsire-tsire masu lafiya da ƙarfi a ciki da waje.

Yawancin kwari da cututtuka na kowa a cikin cacti da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire

Cactus, succulents da succulents Abubuwan ra'ayi ne na ilimin halitta tare da bambance-bambance, amma suna raba rashi da buƙatun kulawa da yawa. Ko da yake sun yi fice wajen jure rashin kyawun yanayi, fari, tsananin rana, da sakaci na dangi, ƙwayoyin kwari da cututtuka na iya kai musu hari.

Barazana ba su da ƙayyadaddun lokaci: za su iya bayyana a kowane lokaci kuma, idan shuka ya nuna alamun rauni, yana da mahimmanci don yin aiki da sauri, tun da yawancin kwari. Suna girma da sauri kuma suna iya cutar da wasu tsire-tsire. daga tarin ku.

Rigakafi, dubawa na yau da kullun, da sanin alamun farko shine mafi kyawun kariya daga mummunan lalacewa ko asarar dabbobin ku.

Babban kwari a cikin cacti da succulents

Kwari Suna daya daga cikin matsalolin da suka fi yawa. Suna shafar tsire-tsire masu tukwane da na waje kuma suna iya kai hari ga ganye, mai tushe, tushen, buds, har ma da furanni. An kwatanta su a kasa. mafi yawan kwari, alamominsa da yadda ake yakar su.

Mealybugs

Gwanin gwal Zai yiwu shi ne mafi tsoro da maimaita kwaro a cikin cacti da succulents. Akwai iri da yawa:

• Cottony mealybug: Pseudococcus spp. Suna samar da farar auduga akan ganye, mai tushe, da kuma saiwoyinsu. Suna bunƙasa a cikin wurare masu dumi, busassun wuri, ko da yake kuma suna iya bayyana saboda yawan zafi da rashin samun iska. Babban alamar ita ce yawan auduga, ko da yake yana da wuyar ganewa akan tushen.
• Sikelin Shell ko limpet: Suna manne jikinsu mai kama da garkuwa ga jikin shuka, suna samar da ɓangarorin 1-2 mm launin ruwan kasa ko fari. Suna da sauƙin gani.
• Tushen mealybug: Rhizoecus spp. Yana tasowa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma za ku lura kawai cewa shuka ba ya girma ko yana nuna rauni. Lokacin da ka cire tukunyar, za ka ga farin da aka gina a tushen ball.
• Eriococcus coccineus: ƙananan nau'in nau'in launin ruwan kasa wanda zai iya rikicewa tare da tabo na halitta ko scab akan shuka.

Bayyanar cututtuka: Ganye da mai tushe da aka rufe da masana'anta na auduga, ci gaban girma, rauni gabaɗaya, tabo ko ɓawon ciki, da fitarwa mai ɗanɗano. A cikin hare-hare masu tsanani, suna iya haifar da mutuwa cikin kwanaki.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Binciken akai-akai yana da mahimmanci. Cire su da hannu tare da buroshin fenti ko auduga da aka jiƙa a cikin barasa, yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari (kamar Folithion, Baytroid, ko takamaiman samfura don mealybugs), kuma, a cikin yanayin tushen mealybugs, jiƙa tukunyar cikin ruwa tare da maganin kwari na mintuna 20-30. Aiwatar da maganin rigakafi a farkon bazara da kaka.

Caterpillars

da caterpillars da larvae na asu ko malam buɗe ido Suna iya haifar da babbar lalacewa, musamman da dare, lokacin da suka fi ciyarwa. Suna cin ganye, harbe masu laushi, wani lokacin furanni.

Bayyanar cututtuka: ramuka, cizon ganye da taushin kyallen takarda, lalacewar harbe-harbe da asarar kuzari kwatsam.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Bincika da daddare kuma cire caterpillars da hannu, ƙarawa da magungunan kwari da yawa idan cutar ta yadu. Maganin kwari don mealybugs yawanci suna da tasiri. Ka guji wuce gona da iri da ke jan hankalin asu.

Worasa Tsutsotsi

Wasu tsutsotsi da tsutsotsi (kamar farin grub) suna ciyar da tushen succulents da cacti, suna haifar da raguwar girma da ci gaba mai rauni. Suna da wahalar ganowa saboda suna aiki a ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Bayyanar cututtuka: sosai jinkirin girma, wilting, sauki detachment na shuka daga tukunya, ci tushen ko tare da bayyane lumps.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Yi amfani da gaurayawan tukwane mai tsafta a cikin sabbin tukwane da lalata ƙasa lambu. Idan kun gano gaban, cire shukar, cire sassan da suka lalace, sannan a sake juye a cikin tukunyar tukunyar sabo, kuna amfani da maganin kwari idan ya cancanta.

Katantanwa da slugs

Suna amfani da danshi bayan ruwan sama ko ban ruwa, yawanci suna fitowa da daddare kuma suna cinye harbe-harbe na matasa da wuraren succulent. Za su iya lalata ƙananan tsire-tsire a cikin hari guda ɗaya.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Yi amfani da shingen jiki, tarkon giya, ko takamaiman samfura bisa metaldehyde ko methiocarb. Duba kuma cika bayan ruwan sama. Tattara su da hannu da yamma yana da tasiri.

Mites

Mites, musamman ma Ja gizo-gizo (Tetranychus urticae), kwari ne masu wuyar ganewa da ido tsirara. Suna haɓaka a cikin busassun wurare masu zafi. Idan kana da gilashin ƙara girma, za ka ga ƙananan gizo-gizo suna gudu a cikin ƙaya da kuma gefen ganye.

Bayyanar cututtuka: Yellow, launin toka, ko launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyaye, m ko launin toka, kyalkyali mai kyau tsakanin ƙayayuwa, da rashin tsari. Idan ba a kula da su ba, waɗannan na iya haifar da faɗuwar ganye.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Inganta samun iska da kuma kula da wani matakin zafi (ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba). Yi amfani da takamaiman acaricides kuma bincika akai-akai. Dabbobi na halitta (ladybugs) suna da amfani don sarrafa ilimin halitta.

Aphids

Aphids (kore, baki, rawaya) suna samar da mazauna a kan harbe masu laushi, furanni, da ƙananan ganye. Suna tsotsar ruwan 'ya'yan itace da fitar da ruwan zuma, wanda ke inganta fungi irin su sooty mold kuma yana jan hankalin tururuwa.

Bayyanar cututtuka: nada ko karkatacciyar ganye, nakasasshen harbe, aibobi da necrosis, gaban tururuwa, ƙungiyoyin kwari da ake iya gani ga ido tsirara.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Cire da hannu da amfani da maganin kwari don aphids. Hakanan yaƙar duk wani kasancewar tururuwa, yayin da suke kare su.

Farin tashi

Wannan kwarin yana yawo a kewayen ganye kuma yana ajiye tsutsa a ƙasa. Ba kamar yadda aka saba a kan cacti ba, amma yana iya haifar da lalacewa ga succulents mai laushi.

Bayyanar cututtuka: yellowing ganye, wanda bai kai ba fall, general weakening.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Yi amfani da tarkon chromatic yellow da fesa da takamaiman maganin kashe kwari idan harin ya yi tsanani.

Tafiya

da tafiye-tafiye Su ƙananan ƙananan ne, masu launin rawaya, kwari masu fuka-fuki. Ana samun su a ƙarƙashin ganyen, suna cizo kuma suna haifar da raunuka akan ganye da furanni.

Bayyanar cututtuka: kodadde, masu launin azurfa ko launin launi, furanni maras kyau ko lalacewa.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Jiyya tare da foliar ko kwayoyin kwari yawanci ya wadatar a mafi yawan lokuta.

Nematodes

Su tsutsotsi ne na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda da farko suna shafar tushensu, suna samar da kullu da galls waɗanda ke hana ingantaccen sha ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki.

Bayyanar cututtuka: lumps a kan tushen, rauni, jinkirin girma, yellowing, leaf drop.

Rigakafi da sarrafawa: Cire kuma jefar da tushen abin da ya shafa, dasa shi cikin sabo, gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta.

Farawa, rodents da tsuntsaye

Farawa da tsuntsaye lokaci-lokaci suna kai hari ga ganyayyaki masu laushi, musamman a waje. Rodents na iya taunawa da tumɓuke shuke-shuke gaba ɗaya. Kore Ya shahara musamman da beraye da sauran dabbobin ciyawa.

Alamomi da ganewar asali na kwari

• Canza launiyellowing (chlorosis), launin toka spots, fari.
• lalacewar tsarin: necrosis, wuraren da suka mutu, cankers, scabs ko scutes.
• Rashin daidaito: curling ganye, ciwace-ciwacen daji, galls, nakasar harbe da furanni.
• Samar da abubuwa: exudation na resins ko gumis, m molasses.
• Rashin kuzari: : daina girma, raunin gaba ɗaya, faɗuwar ganye ko ƙaya.

Kulawa da hankali shine mafi kyawun kayan aiki don gano matsalar da yin amfani da maganin da ya dace kafin ya zama mafi muni.

Babban cututtuka na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da cacti

da cututtuka a cikin cacti da succulents Yawancin lokaci ana haifar da su ta hanyar fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da, a ɗan ƙarami, ƙwayoyin cuta. Ko da yake waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da juriya, kurakurai na noma (zazzabi mai yawa, ƙasa mai ƙanƙara, ƙarancin haske) sune babban wurin shiga ga ƙwayoyin cuta.

Cututtuka da fungi ke haifarwa

• Fusarium bushe (Cututtuka na Fusarium): yana shafar tushen, yana haifar da rot, canza launin, da kuma wilting. Yana da wuya a gano wuri da wuri, kamar yadda alamun bayyanar suna bayyana lokacin da lalacewa ke da mahimmanci. Cututtukan fungal a cikin cacti da succulents
• Abun Wuya (Phytophthora): yana bayyana a gindin tushe, tare da alamun laushi, wari mara kyau, da duhu. Yana yaduwa da sauri daga kasa zuwa sama.
• Rubewar ciki: fungi irinsu Pythium o rhizoctonia Suna sa shukar ta rube a ciki, ta rasa launi kuma ta koma launin ruwan kasa ko baki.
• Botrytis (Botrytis cinere): wani m, launin toka faci a saman ganye da mai tushe. Yana bunƙasa saboda yawan zafi.
• Tsatsa (uromyces): yana haifar da ƙananan lemu ko launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye da mai tushe. Sau da yawa yana tare da asarar kashin baya a cikin cacti da rashin ƙarfi na gaba ɗaya.

Kwayar cuta

Bakteriya na halitta ne ke haifar da shi Erwiniya wasu kuma suna tausasa kyallen jikin da ke ciki kuma, idan ya ci gaba, a ƙarshe ya lalata shukar gaba ɗaya. Yana iya farawa kamar duhu, wuri mai ruwa wanda ke yaduwa.

Kwayoyin cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri

Kwayoyin cututtuka ba su da yawa amma mai yiwuwa. Abin lura ne cewa mosaic cutar, wanda ke haifar da tsarin da ba a saba da shi ba, rashin launi mara kyau, da nakasassun ganye da harbe-harbe. Babu magani, kuma dole ne a cire shukar da ta shafa don hana yaduwar ta.

Abubuwan da ke inganta bayyanar kwari da cututtuka

• Ruwa mai yawa: Ita ce lamba daya sanadin mutuwa ga cacti da succulents. Yana ƙarfafa haɓakar fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, da wasu kwari. Busasshiyar cactus na iya murmurewa, amma ruɓaɓɓen da ba a cika samun ceto ba.
• Ƙasar da ba ta dace ba: Rashin ruwa mara kyau ko ƙaddamarwa yana haifar da riƙewar ruwa, rashin isashshen oxygen da tushen damuwa.
• Rashin haske: yana jin daɗin raunana shuka, yana sa ya fi dacewa da hare-haren pathogen.
• Yawan hadi: yana haifar da girma mara kyau kuma yana raunana tsarin rigakafi na shuka. Hadi na yau da kullun ba lallai ba ne: sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a shekara yawanci ya isa.
• KayaTsayayyen iska yana ƙarfafa haɓakar kwari irin su mealybugs da fungi irin su mold.
• Dasawa a lokutan da ba a ba da shawarar ba: Musamman a cikin hunturu, suna raunana kariya na halitta kuma suna sauƙaƙe harin kwari.

Hanyoyi don kawar da kwari da cututtuka a cikin cacti da succulents

Hanyar kamuwa da kwaro ko cuta ya dogara da tsananinta da kuma abin da ke haifar da cutar. Gabaɗaya, haɗuwa da Magungunan rigakafi, takamaiman yanayin muhalli da magungunan phytosanitary Shi ne mafi inganci nau'i na sarrafawa.

Maganin kwari

• cirewar hannu: Yi amfani da goga, swab na auduga, ko tweezers don cire kwari da ake iya gani kafin amfani da sinadarai.
• Fesa da sabulu da ruwa: Cakudar ruwa, sabulun potassium da digon barasa na taimakawa wajen kawar da kwari da yawa ta hanyar da ba ta dace da muhalli ba.
• Tsarin kwari: samfurori da aka dogara da azadirachtin, diazinon ko pyrethrins, musamman a cikin matsanancin cututtuka.
• Fesa tare da diatomaceous ƙasa: Samfurin halitta wanda ke aiki azaman maganin kwari ta hanyar bushewar kwari da mites. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman foda (yafaye) ko kuma a diluted cikin ruwa don fesa wuraren da abin ya shafa.
• Magungunan halittu: Gabatar da mafarauta na halitta, irin su ladybugs ko lacewings, waɗanda ke ciyar da aphids ko mealybugs.
• Magungunan rigakafi na zamani: Gudanar da feshin rigakafi a cikin bazara da kaka tare da samfuran tsarin don ƙarfafa juriya na shuka.

Magani ga cututtuka

• Musamman fungicides: Yi amfani da samfuran da suka dace da nau'in naman gwari (jan karfe, sulfur, samfuran tsarin) kuma maimaita magani kowane kwanaki 10-15.
• Warewa shukar da abin ya shafa: Yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar raba samfurin marasa lafiya da sauran.
• Cire sassan da abin ya shafa: Yanke da cire laushi, ruɓaɓɓen, ko lalacewa mai tsanani. Batar kayan aikin gaba da baya.
• Sharar gida: Idan lalacewar ba za a iya jurewa ba, cire shukar da ta shafa kafin cutar ta yadu.

Yadda za a hana kwari da cututtuka a cikin cacti da succulents

Makullin amfanin gona mai lafiya shine rigakafinAnan akwai manyan shawarwari don rage haɗarin kwari da cututtuka a cikin tsire-tsirenku:

• Sayi tsire-tsire masu lafiya kuma ku duba su kafin gabatar da su. a cikin tarin ku. Yi watsi da samfurori masu tabo, scabs, thrush, ko bayyananne rauni.
• Bincika tsire-tsire na lokaci-lokaci, musamman bayan ruwan sama, yawan ban ruwa ko lokacin canjin yanayi.
• Ruwa kawai lokacin da substrate ya bushe gaba ɗaya.Yawan ruwa shine babban abokin gaba. Kada a bar ruwa a tsaye a cikin tasa.
• Yi amfani da magudanar ruwa, haɗe da yashi ko perlite don hana haɓakar danshi.
• Canja ƙasa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, musamman idan kun yi zargin tushen cutar.
• A guji jika ganye da mai tushe yayin shayarwa, tun da fungi suna amfani da danshi na saman.
• Yana ba da isasshen haskeBayyana shuke-shuke zuwa haske mai yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, kula da bukatun kowane nau'i a cikin hunturu.
• Sanya iska mai kyau a wurin girma, musamman a cikin gida, don hana ci gaban iska.
• A guji yawan hadi kuma dashi kawai lokacin da shuka ke girma sosai.
• Ware kowane sabon samfuri 'yan kwanaki kafin a saka shi tare da sauran, don tabbatar da cewa ba shi da kwari masu ɓoye.

Ta bin waɗannan shawarwarin, cacti da succulents za su kula da ƙarfin su da kyau na dogon lokaci. kusa lura da sauri mataki a kan kowace alama, su ne mafi kyawun makamai don samun lafiya da tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki.

Idan kuna da takamaiman tambayoyi game da lafiyar cacti ɗin ku ko lura da kowane alamun da ke da wahalar ganowa, kar ku yi shakka ku bar sharhi. Za mu taimaka gano matsalar kuma mu nemo mafita mafi kyau don kare tsire-tsire.