Ƙarshen Jagora ga Orchids: Halaye, Nau'o'i, da Kula da Nasara Nasara

da orchids Suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa, bambance-bambancen da dangin shuka a duniya don su m kyau da wadatar siffofi da launukan furanninta. Na iyali Orchidaceae, Rukunin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan monocotyledonous masu girma duka a cikin yanayi da cikin lambuna da gidaje. Sun yi fice ba kawai don yanayin ban mamaki na furanni ba, amma har ma da rikitarwa na ganyen su, da daidaitawa zuwa yanayi daban-daban da ikon kafawa dangantaka ta musamman da muhalli, ciki har da pollination na musamman kwari.

Idan kana son ganowa Duk maɓallan halaye, nau'ikan, buƙatu, noma, fure da haifuwa na orchidsWannan jagorar na ku ne. Anan zaku sami bayanai na yau da kullun da cikakkun bayanai, dacewa ga masu farawa da masu sha'awar ci gaba waɗanda ke neman haɓaka kyakkyawa da tsawon rayuwar samfuran su.

Babban halaye na orchids

A cikin mulkin shuka, orchids sun mamaye wani wuri mai mahimmanci tare da fiye da 25.000 gane nau'in da yawa hybrids. Daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali fasali shi ne cikakkiyar kwatancen furanninta, wanda kamar yadda mutane suka sassaka, da kuma kasancewar lakabi ko lebe, tsarin da aka gyara don sauƙaƙe pollination ta kwari. stamens gaure a gindi kuma siffar furanni yana ba da damar saurin ganewa na iyali.

Siffar su ta bambanta da ban mamaki: Wasu nau'ikan suna da ƙananan furanni kawai millimeters a girman, yayin da wasu suna nuna inflorescences masu ban mamaki har zuwa santimita 20 a tsayi.. Har ma sun wanzu giant orchids wanda tsayinsa zai iya wuce mita 30, kamar yadda yake tare da jinsin vanilla.

El ƙanshi Iyalin orchid iri-iri iri-iri ne: wasu suna ba da ƙamshi mai laushi, ƙamshi mai laushi, wasu ƙamshi mai zafi ko ma ƙamshi mara daɗi, wanda aka daidaita bisa ga maƙasudin pollinator. Wadannan maganganu daban-daban suna sa dangin Orchidaceae su kasance, tare da babban nasarar daidaitawa, a kusan dukkan halittun halittu—sai dai matsanancin hamada ko kuma wuraren da ba su da iyaka, inda kasancewarsu ba ta da iyaka.

Har ila yau, Orchids suna da daraja sosai a cikin kayan ado da aikin lambu.Launuka iri-iri-fari, ruwan hoda, rawaya, lemu, shuɗi, ja, kore, shuɗi-yana ba su damar haɗa su da ma'anoni na alama daban-daban kamar tsarki, ƙauna, sha'awa, bege, ko salama.

Dangane da nau'in, da rayuwa sake zagayowar, daidaitawa zuwa zafi, siffar ganye da nau'in tushen suma sun bambanta sosai. Wannan iya aiki Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya samu nasarar muhalli da kuma ado.

Asalin da rarraba na halitta na orchids

Yawancin orchids na asali ne yankuna na wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi daga Asiya, Amurka da Afirka, ko da yake akwai nau'ikan da suka dace da su yanayin yanayi mai kyau kuma, zuwa ƙarami, har ma da yankuna masu sanyi. A kasashe irin su Ecuador, bambance-bambancen orchids ya yi yawa har an bayyana shi a hukumance "ƙasar orchid".

Daidaitawar su zuwa yanayi daban-daban ya haifar da kasancewar orchids tare da ganye mai kauri mai kauri a busasshen yanayi, yayin da waɗanda suke daga wurare masu ɗanɗano suna da ƙananan ganye, masu laushi. Bambance-bambancen da sassauci na wannan rukunin ya haifar da musayar yanayi mai ban sha'awa sosai a cikin mazauninsu na asali, inda suke jan hankalin masu pollinators da yawa kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga daidaiton yanayin muhalli.

Nau'i da nau'in orchids

A cikin dangin Orchidaceae, manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu sun bambanta bisa ga al'adar haɓakarsu:

• Epiphytic orchids: Suna girma a kan bishiyoyi ko wasu tsire-tsire ba tare da lalata su ba, suna amfani da tushen su na iska don kama danshi da abubuwan gina jiki daga iska.
• Orchids na ƙasa: suna haɓaka tushen su a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kai tsaye a cikin substrate.

Daga cikin shahararrun kuma noma orchids sune:

• Phalaenopsis (malam buɗe ido orchid): tare da ganye mai kauri da manyan furanni, mai sauƙin kulawa da bada shawarar ga masu farawa. Furen sa suna yin fure a ƙarshen tushe kuma suna nuna launuka masu yawa. Don cikakken kulawa, zaku iya tuntuɓar Tips don kula da orchids na cikin gida.
• Dendrobium: jinsin epiphytic daga Asiya, tare da pseudobulbs elongated, gajeren ganye da furanni a cikin launin ruwan hoda ko fari, an haɗa su a cikin inflorescences.
• Cymbidium: Shahararriyar taurin furanninta da aka yanke; dace da duka na cikin gida da waje namo. Yana da kwararan fitila da dogayen inflorescences tare da furanni masu ban sha'awa. Karin bayani a Cymbidium orchids.
• kattleya: ana yabawa sosai a masana'antar furanni saboda manyan furanni masu kamshi da launuka masu kamshi.
• Oncinium (rawa orchid): inflorescences tare da ɗimbin ƙananan furanni masu launin rawaya waɗanda suke kama da sifofin rawa.
• Vanda: Orchids tare da tushen iska kyauta, manyan furanni da launuka masu shuɗi ko shuɗi masu ban sha'awa.
• vanilla: terrestrial ko hemiepiphytic na wurare masu zafi orchid, sananne ne saboda ana fitar da vanilla na dafuwa daga gare ta.
• epidendrum: Halittar Amurka tare da mai tushe mai kama da fata da ganye; yana samar da furanni fari ko ruwan hoda a cikin inflorescences.
• brassia: aka sani da gizo-gizo orchid ga siffar furanninta.
• Zygopetalum: Hardy hybrids, godiya ga kamshi da launi na furanni.
• Cambria: mai sauƙin girma, ƙaƙƙarfan-girma hybrids, manufa don yanayin cikin gida.

Wannan bambance-bambancen yana ba masu sha'awar sha'awa na kowane matakai damar zaɓar nau'in da ya fi dacewa dangane da sararin samaniya, haske, da ƙwarewar da ta gabata tare da irin wannan shuka.

Inda za a sanya da kuma yadda za a shirya wani orchid?

para girma lafiya, orchids na dogon lokaci, wuri mabuɗin. Yawancin orchids suna samuwa a cikin gandun daji na cikin gida asalin wurare masu zafi kuma yana buƙatar jerin sharuɗɗa don bunƙasa:

• Luz: Yawaita amma ba hasken rana kai tsaye. Idan orchids sun sami hasken rana kai tsaye, suna iya ƙonewa cikin sauƙi. Mafi kyawun wuri yana kusa da taga mai fuskantar gabas ko yamma, an kiyaye shi ta hanyar labule mai haske.
• TemperaturaOrchids suna bunƙasa mafi kyau tsakanin 15 zuwa 30 ° C, suna guje wa faɗuwar faɗuwar ƙasa ƙasa da 15 ° C. A cikin hunturu, idan mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi ya ragu sosai, yana da kyau a kiyaye su a cikin gida, nesa da zayyana sanyi.
• ZafiDa kyau, ya kamata a kiyaye yanayi mai ɗanɗano, tare da matakan zafi tsakanin 40% zuwa 80%, dangane da nau'in. Wuraren banɗaki masu haske da dafa abinci suna da kyawawan wurare idan babu greenhouse. Hakanan zaka iya sanya tiren ruwa ko na'urorin humidifier a kusa da yankin.
• zagayowar iska: mahimmanci don rigakafin cututtuka da fungi. Orchids suna godiya da yanayin da iska ba ta tsaya ba.

A waje, ana iya sanya su a ƙarƙashin inuwar dogayen bishiyoyi inda suke samun haske mai tacewa da kariya daga ruwan sama ko iska.

Madaidaicin tukwane da substrates don orchids

Nasara a cikin girma orchids ya dogara da yawa a kan daidai zabi na tukunyar filawa da kuma canzawa:

• Tukunyar fure: An ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi m tukwane Ga nau'in epiphytic (kamar Phalaenopsis), tun da tushen su ma photosynthesize. Hakanan nuna gaskiya yana ba da damar kulawa da girma da kuma gano matsalolin cikin sauƙi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa suna da ramukan magudanar ruwa mai karimci kuma, idan zai yiwu, tushe mai tushe don hana dogon lokaci tsakanin tushen da ruwa mai yawa. Ana iya amfani da murfin tukunya na ado, amma koyaushe tabbatar da cewa basu tara danshi ba.
• SubstratumCommercial Orchid substrate gauraye suna samuwa, gabaɗaya dogara a kan Pine haushi, perlite, sphagnum gansakuka, da gawayi, wanda tabbatar da mafi kyau duka magudanun ruwa da kuma aeration ga epiphytic jinsunan. Don terrestrial orchids, irin su Vanilla, yana da kyau a yi amfani da fiber na kwakwa ko fiye da gauraye da wasu peat da yashi.

Watering da takin yau da kullun don orchids

El ban ruwa Yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun yanayin kulawar orchid kuma yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman:

• FrequencyRuwa ya dogara da nau'in nau'in da abubuwan muhalli kamar zazzabi, zafi, da nau'in substrate. Gabaɗaya, ruwa lokacin da ma'aunin ya kusan bushewa, koyaushe yana guje wa zubar ruwa. A lokacin rani, ana shayar da ruwa yawanci sau 2-3 a mako, kuma a cikin hunturu, sau ɗaya kowane kwanaki 1-10. Mafi kyawun nuna alama shine bayyanar tushen: idan sun kasance fari ko silvery, shuka yana buƙatar ruwa.
• Hanyar:: mafi kyawu shine nutsewa ban ruwa: Sanya tukunyar a cikin akwati na ruwa na ƴan mintuna kaɗan don ba da damar tushen ya cika ruwa sosai, sannan a bar abin da ya wuce ya zubar da kyau. Ka guji jika furanni ko buds kai tsaye, saboda hakan zai iya sa su rube.
• ingancin ruwa: duk lokacin da zai yiwu, yi amfani ruwan sama ko ruwa mai laushi, marar chlorine. Idan kana da ruwan famfo kawai, bar shi ya zauna na akalla sa'o'i 8 don ba da damar chlorine ya ƙafe.

Amma ga taki, orchids suna godiya da takamaiman takin mai magani, daidaitacce a cikin nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus (NPK). Da kyau, yi amfani da takin ruwa na musamman don orchids kowane mako 2-3 yayin girma da fure, koyaushe yana bin umarnin masana'anta. Akwai dabarun gida-alal misali, tare da yisti mai yisti da aka diluted a cikin ruwa-amma hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci ita ce amfani da samfuran kasuwanci don guje wa kurakuran sashi.

Yadda ake sake girka orchid daidai

El dasawa Ya kamata a yi kowace shekara biyu ko uku, ko ba da jimawa ba idan saiwoyin ya cika tukunyar ko kuma idan ƙwanƙwasa ya zama mai laushi ko lalacewa. Mafi kyawun lokacin shine bayan fure kuma ba yayin da orchid ke cikin fure ba. Hanyar da ta dace ta bi waɗannan matakan:

1. Shayar da shukar 'yan sa'o'i kadan kafin tushen su zama masu sassauƙa.
2. A hankali cire orchid daga tukunyar, kwance tushen, kuma cire duk wani yanki da ya lalace tare da almakashi mai tsabta.
3. Sanya shi a cikin tukunyar da ya fi girma ko a cikin tukunya ɗaya idan kawai kuna buƙatar sabunta substrate.
4. Cika da substrate na musamman da ruwa a hankali. A guji taki a cikin makonnin farko.

Mahimman kulawar gida: haske, zazzabi da zafi

Don kiyaye orchids lafiya a gida, bi waɗannan shawarwari:

• Luz: Sanya orchid kusa da taga tare da haske kai tsayeLabule mai jujjuyawa yana taimakawa tace tsananin hasken rana. Idan kuna da windows masu haske kawai, zaku iya ƙarawa da fitilun shuka LED. Don ƙarin bayani, ziyarci Yadda za a kawar da kwari a kan orchids.
• yanayi mai danshiFesa ruwa a ganyen, musamman a lokacin rani, don ƙara zafi, amma a guji samun jike furanni. Kuna iya amfani da injin humidifier ko tiren ruwa tare da duwatsu idan yanayin ya bushe sosai.
• TemperaturaTsaya orchid ɗinku a cikin kwanciyar hankali, guje wa faduwa kwatsam ƙasa da 15 ° C da zane. 'Yan digiri kaɗan na bambancin dare da rana suna son fure.
• Guji canje-canje kwatsam: Kada a motsa orchid akai-akai, saboda damuwa na iya haifar da faɗuwar fure ko jinkirta fure.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Yadda ake Kula da Orchids na cikin gida: Cikakken Jagoran Mataki na Mataki na Kwararru

Yadda za a gano da magance matsalolin gama gari a cikin orchids?

Ko da yake resistant, orchids na iya shafar su annoba da cututtuka:

• Mites irin su gizo-gizo ja: yana haifar da tabo mai launin rawaya da yanar gizo. Ana iya sarrafa su da ruwa da sabulu mai tsaka tsaki.
• Cottony mealybug: Yana bayyana akan ganye da mai tushe. Yana kawar da takamaiman maganin kashe kwari ko sabulun potassium. Don bayani, duba .
• Katantanwa da slugs: Suna kai hari ga sassan matasa. Yi amfani da ingantaccen tarkuna ko molluscicides.
• Whitefly da thrips: Ƙananan kwari masu lalata ganye da furanni. Yi yaƙi da su tare da tarko masu ɗanɗano rawaya da samfuran da suka dace.
• Aphids: Yawancin lokaci suna fitowa a cikin busassun wurare. Cire da ruwan sabulu ko maganin kashe kwari don tsire-tsire na cikin gida.

Dangane da cututtuka kuwa ambaliya Shi ne babban abokin gaba, kamar yadda ya fi son fungi irin su fusarium o rhizoctonia, alhakin tushen rubewa. Don ƙarin bayani, ziyarci cututtuka a cikin orchids.

Pruning, tsaftacewa da kuma kula da orchid

Gaba ɗaya, Ba lallai ba ne don datsa orchids, sai dai don cire busassun ganye ko fure-fure, koyaushe amfani da kayan aikin tsabta waɗanda za a iya lalata su da barasa. Idan furannin furanni sun kasance kore bayan fure, yana da kyau a bar su, saboda sabbin furanni na iya fitowa daga nodes. Idan sun bushe ko rawaya, yanke su diagonally a gindi kuma a shafa ɗan kirfa na ƙasa don haɓaka waraka.

Don tsaftace ganyen da kuma dawo da haske, za ku iya shafa su da danshi mai dauke da ruwa da ɗigon lemun tsami ko madara, tabbatar da cewa kada ku bar duk wani abu da zai iya ƙarfafa naman gwari.

Ta yaya kuma lokacin da orchids ke fure

Da sake zagayowar na orchid flowering Ya dogara da yawa akan nau'in. Yawancin furanni sau daya a shekara, gabaɗaya ya zo daidai da tsawon kwanaki da kuma yanayin zafi tsakanin rana da dare. Wasu nau'ikan, irin su Phalaenopsis, na iya yin fure sau da yawa a shekara a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace.

• Tsawon lokacin fureFuren na iya wucewa tsakanin watanni 2 zuwa 4. Furen suna faɗuwa a zahiri, kuma lokacin da wannan ya faru, lokaci ne mai kyau don rage shayarwa da dakatar da hadi na ƴan makonni, barin shuka ta huta.
• Ƙarfafa furanniDon ƙarfafa sababbin furanni, ƙara haskakawa ga hasken halitta (ko da yaushe kai tsaye) da haifar da ɗan bambanci zafin jiki tsakanin rana da dare. Wata dabara ita ce sanya orchid a wuri mai sanyi don ƴan dare.

Maɓallan samun nasarar haifuwar orchids

Ana iya yada Orchids ta hanyoyi daban-daban, dangane da nau'in nau'in da kwarewar mai shuka:

• Keikis: ƙananan harbe waɗanda ke fitowa daga tushe na fure. Da zarar sun yi saiwoyi da aƙalla ganye uku, za a iya raba su a dasa su a cikin kwandon su.
• Mata Division: Musamman a cikin orchids bulbous, irin su Cymbidium ko Dendrobium, ana iya raba shukar idan akwai wasu nau'ikan pseudobulbs da yawa, tabbatar da cewa kowane yanki yana da tushensa.
• Yanke ko fure mai tushe: ƙasa da kowa amma mai yiwuwa a wasu nau'ikan.

Don motsa keiki, zaku iya yanke furen furen kusa da kumburi, cire fata a hankali don fallasa ta zuwa haske, kuma jira sabon toho ya bayyana.

Tips don kiyaye orchids lafiya duk shekara

Baya ga abubuwan yau da kullun na yau da kullun, akwai ƙananan motsin motsi waɗanda ke haifar da bambanci:

• Kalli tushenIdan sun yi kama da kore da m, shuka yana da lafiya; idan sun bushe, taushi, ko launin ruwan kasa, yakamata ku duba ruwan ku. Kuna iya koyo game da yadda ake kula da orchids don su yi fure.
• Kada a yi amfani da ƙasa gama gari: Tushen yawancin orchids ba sa jurewa kuma zai mutu da sauri.
• Idan orchid yayi kama da bushewa: A duba cewa ba a cika ruwa ba sannan a cire ganye da tushen da suka lalace kafin a yi kokarin dawo da shi.
• A lokacin hunturuKa kiyaye orchids daga zane-zane da tushen zafi kai tsaye. Rage yawan ruwa kuma ƙara zafi.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Gidan lambun Orchid a duniya: abin da suke, tarihi, nau'in, abubuwan ban sha'awa, da cikakken jagora ga masoya orchid.

Tambayoyi akai-akai game da orchids

• Me yasa furanni na orchid suke fadowa? Wannan tsari ne na halitta a ƙarshen flowering. Gyara kara da zarar ya fadi kuma ci gaba da kulawar da kuka saba.
• Yaya tsawon lokacin da orchid ke rayuwa? Idan girma a cikin mafi kyau duka yanayi, zai iya rayuwa shekaru da yawa, da kuma kula da flowering na watanni.
• Zan iya samun orchids a cikin ɗakin kwana? Haka ne, orchids ba sa cinye iskar oxygen a cikin haɗari masu haɗari kuma suna taimakawa wajen tsarkake iska.
• Ta yaya zan guje wa ganyen rawaya? Mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da ruwa shine yawan ruwa ko ruwa, rashin haske, da kurakuran hadi. Daidaita waɗannan abubuwan kuma cire ganyen da suka lalace.
• Ta yaya zan tsaftace ganye? Yi amfani da ruwa tare da ɗigon lemun tsami ko madara da kuma laushi mai laushi, tabbatar da bushe su da kyau.

Orchids suna ba da kyan gani na kyan gani mara misaltuwa kuma, kodayake suna buƙatar takamaiman kulawa. Ba su da buƙata kamar yadda mutane da yawa suke tunaniTa hanyar la'akari da abubuwa kamar haske, zafi, zaɓin substrate, da ingantaccen ruwa, zaku iya jin daɗin tarin haɓakawa a cikin kowane gida tsawon shekaru. Ta hanyar lura da bukatun su, hana kwari, da daidaita kowane daki-daki na yanayin su, orchids ɗinku za su yi kyau da lafiya, suna kawo ladabi da launi zuwa kowane sarari.