da cactus Tsire-tsire ne na musamman waɗanda, godiya ga ikonsu na ban mamaki na adana ruwa a cikin tushensu, da ganyensu, suna rayuwa a cikin wuraren da sauran nau'ikan ba za su gaza ba. Duk da haka, ƙarfinsu da kyawun su ba kawai halayensu ba ne: waɗannan tsire-tsire sun raka mutane har tsawon shekaru, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abinci, magani, al'adu, ado, har ma a cikin kare kare muhalli.
Idan kun taɓa yin mamakin abin da ake amfani da cacti, ko tunanin cewa tsire-tsire ne kawai na ado, za ku yi mamakin gano yawancin amfanin su. Daga kayan ado zuwa aikace-aikacen masana'antu da magunguna, zuwa yanayin muhalli da mahimmancin su, duniyar cacti ta fi girma fiye da yadda yawancin mutane ke tsammani.
Menene cacti ake amfani dashi?
Amfani da cactus Sun samo asali ne tun zamanin d ¯ a kuma, a yau, an haɗa su cikin fagage da yawa na rayuwar yau da kullun. Da ke ƙasa, mun daki-daki babban amfanin gargajiya da na yanzu, da kuma abubuwan ban sha'awa game da cacti:
1. Shuka kayan ado
La ado gida da lambu ya sami kyakkyawar aboki a cikin cacti. Saboda ɗimbin nau'ikan siffofi, girma da launuka, cacti suna ƙawata kowane sarari, ko a ciki. rockeries na waje hade da tsakuwa da duwatsu, kamar yadda a cikin showy ciki tarin inda za su iya jure sanyi sanyi da fari mai tsayi. Iyawar su don daidaitawa da tukwane da ƙananan buƙatun ruwa suna ba da damar ƙananan nau'in nau'in nau'in mammillaria o Astrophytum akan terraces, zuwa manyan samfurori a cikin lambunan zamani ko xeriscaping.
Bugu da ƙari, yawancin nau'in cacti sun bambanta da su furanni masu ban mamakiManya, masu launi, da siffa mai ban mamaki, suna yin fure ne kawai a wasu lokuta na shekara, suna ƙara taɓawa mai ban mamaki da kyau. Wasu furannin kaktus suna wuce kwana ɗaya kawai, amma kyawunsu ba ya misaltuwa.
2. Kariyar kariya da kariya ta kewaye
Domin ƙarni, a yankunan karkara da noma, cacti - musamman da dama jinsunan opuntia- ana amfani dashi azaman shingen ƙaya. Waɗannan ganuwar halitta Ba su iya shiga ga dabbobi da mutane saboda ƙaya, suna kare amfanin gona da gidaje daga masu kutse da iska. Amfani da su azaman shinge na halitta yana da tasiri, muhalli, kuma yana ba da ƙima na musamman.
3. Tushen abincin mutane da na dabbobi
Cacti yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin ciyar na yawancin al'ummar Amurkawa da kuma a yau:
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari: pears ko tunasOpuntia fig-indica, pitayas (Hylocereus ba shi da tushegarambullos (Myrtillocactus tsarin halitta), ko cabuches (biznagas), ana cinye sabo ko a cikin shirye-shirye masu dadi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko ruwa mai dadi. Su sabara Ya bambanta daga zaki zuwa m, kuma wasu - kamar cabuches - ana dafa su don samun shahararren acitron a cikin abinci na Mexica. Don ƙarin bayani game da amfanin da ake ci, ziyarci Fa'idodi da girke-girke na cactus mai ci.
- Harbe masu taushi: Nopales ƙananan ganye ne opuntia, mai arziki a ciki na gina jiki da fiber, sananne sosai a cikin abinci na Mexico da sauran ƙasashe, inda ake amfani da su a cikin salads, stews da miya.
- Fulawa: 'Yan asalin kudu maso gabashin Amurka suna amfani da tsaba giant carnegiea don samar da fulawa, abinci mai kauri da gina jiki, duk da cewa samar da shi yana bukatar haquri sosai saboda saurin girmar shukar.
- Ciyar shanu: Wasu opuntia rashin ƙayayuwa, sun zama mafi kyau abinci na shanu, da tumaki, da awaki. Yawan ruwa da ma'adinan sa yana ba da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki, musamman a yankuna masu bushewa.
4. Fibers da kayan aiki mai dorewa
Fiber na wasu cacti, kamar Pilocereus y Cephalocereus, an yi amfani da su a al'ada saƙa, da kuma yadda katifa da cika matashi, yin amfani da ƙarfinsa da laushinsa bayan cire ƙayayuwa. A nasa bangare, itacen wasu nau'ikan, kamar Trichocereus fasacana o Cylindropuntia, ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'anta na furniture da haske Frames.
A cikin gine-gine da gine-gine na zamani, cacti-kamar agave-ba da karfi, filaye masu dacewa da yanayi don yin. alluna, insulators da sabbin abubuwaWannan yana ba da gudummawa ga dorewa, saboda abubuwa ne masu sabuntawa da abubuwan da ba za a iya lalata su ba kuma suna amfani da albarkatu na asali zuwa wurare masu bushewa.
5. Magunguna da kayan kwalliya
Tun daga zamanin d ¯ a, ana amfani da cacti maganin gargajiya. Alal misali:
- Opuntia fig-indica yana diuretic, anti-mai kumburi, da glucose da cholesterol regulating effects, godiya ga wadatar sa a cikin fiber, bitamin, da polyphenols. Don ƙarin bayani, duba cactus a cikin maganin gargajiya.
- La Pereskia lychnidiflora Ana amfani da shi a cikin infusions don koda, hanta da matsalolin numfashi, har ma don magance ciwon daji.
- Biznaga ya ƙunshi quinones, visnaginone, cheline, da visnagin, tare da vasodilatory, antiasthmatic, antitussive, da diuretic Properties. An yi amfani da shi a al'ada don kawar da asma, mashako, yanayin zuciya, da matsalolin urinary tract.
- Peyote (Lophophora williamsii), baya ga rigimar amfani da shi na addini, an yi nazari akan yiwuwar aikace-aikacen sa a cikin lafiyar kwakwalwa da jin zafi.
A cikin filin kwaskwarima, ana amfani da tsantsa daga cactus a cikin samar da creams, lotions da moisturizers godiya ga wadatar sa a cikin mucilages, antioxidants da ma'adanai, manufa don fata mai laushi ko hasken rana.
6. Samar da dyes na halitta da amfani da masana'antu
Cacti na jinsi opuntia iya saukar da cochineal (Coccus dactylopius), wani kwaro wanda matansa ke samar da rini mai launin carmine mai darajar kasuwanci, na halitta, mara lahani kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin masana'antar yadi da abinci tun lokacin pre-Hispanic.
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da cacti da yawa wajen samun gishiri, pectins da gumis ga masana'antar harhada magunguna da abinci. Mucilage na pear cactus, alal misali, ana amfani da shi don ba da haske da ƙarewa ga bango da kayan ɗaki.
7. Kiyaye muhallin halittu da bambancin halittu
Cacti yana yin ayyuka mahimmancin muhalli:
- Suna bayarwa tsari da abinci ga tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari, dabbobi masu shayarwa da masu pollin na dare kamar jemagu.
- Nasa Tushen da jikuna suna kare ƙasa daga zazzagewa, yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye danshi da hana hamada.
- Yawancin cacti suna girma ƙarƙashin kariyar tsire-tsire masu jinya, suna samar da hadaddun yanayin yanayin inda yawancin nau'ikan ke hulɗa.
8. Tsabtace iska da ingancin muhalli
Bincike da dama sun nuna hakan cacti taimaka tsarkake iskaSuna shan carbon dioxide (CO2) da sauran mahadi, suna sakin oxygen. Kamar sauran tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, cacti suna ba da gudummawar haɓaka ingancin iska na cikin gida a ofisoshi da gidaje. Don haka ana ba da shawarar su don ɗakuna da wuraren da ake son yanayi mafi koshin lafiya.
9. Shamaki daga electromagnetic radiation
Ya zama sananne don sanya cacti kusa da na'urorin lantarki kamar kwamfutoci ko talabijin saboda imanin cewa zasu iya sha electromagnetic radiationKo da yake babu wani tabbataccen shaidar kimiyya game da wannan tasirin, idan kuna son gwada wannan hanyar, yakamata a sanya cactus kai tsaye a gaban allon don ganin shinge mai yuwuwa, kodayake wannan ba aiki bane ga aikin yau da kullun.
10. Taki da inganta ƙasa
Bayan bazuwar, ragowar cactus ana amfani dashi azaman takin gargajiya Don wadatar da ƙasa a cikin gonaki da lambuna. Gudunmawarsa na kwayoyin halitta yana inganta tsari da kuma haifuwa na substrate, inganta ci gaban wasu tsire-tsire masu jure fari.
11. Ma'anar al'adu, alama da ruhaniya
A cikin al'adu da yawa, cactus shine a alamar juriya, ƙarfi da rayuwaA cikin Feng Shui, ana kiran cactus a matsayin "mai kula da gida", mai iyawa daidaitawa da kare muhalliAna ba da shawarar sanya shi a ofisoshi da dakunan girki, tare da guje wa ɗakin kwana ko banɗaki. An sanya shi kusa da taga, zai iya taimakawa wajen kawar da kuzari mara kyau, kuma a sanya shi a ƙofar gaba, yana da alaƙa da sa'a.
12. Curiosities da bambancin jinsuna
- Tsawon LokaciWasu cacti, kamar saguaros, na iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 500.
- Sabuntawa na musammanCacti suna haɓaka mai tushe mai kauri da tushen don adana ruwa da ma'adanai, kuma kashin bayansu yana kare su daga mafarauta da rana.
- Ƙungiyoyi da bambancinAkwai fiye da nau'in cacti 1.400 a duniya, tare da kimanin nau'in 670 na Mexico da kuma fiye da 500 endemic, wanda aka tsara zuwa kungiyoyi daban-daban bisa ga siffar mai tushe da 'ya'yan itatuwa (nopales, chollas, gabbai, biznagas, da dai sauransu).
- Furen furanniDuk da taurinsu, yawancin cacti suna samar da furanni masu ban sha'awa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, sau da yawa tare da ƙamshi masu ƙamshi waɗanda ke jawo takamaiman pollinators.
- Dangantaka da sauran tsire-tsire: Cacti sau da yawa suna girma a ƙarƙashin wasu nau'in da ake kira "tsarin jinya," wanda ke kare su daga rana kuma yana ba da inuwa don ci gaban farko.
Kaddarorin da fa'idodin cacti
Dalilin da yasa ake amfani da cacti a wurare daban-daban yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da su sinadirai da kuma magani PropertiesLokacin cinyewa, suna ba da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
- Rage cholesterol da sukari na jini: Godiya ga fiber mai narkewa, pectin da mucilages, waÉ—anda ke taimakawa satiate, rage jinkirin narkewar carbohydrates kuma kawar da kitse mai yawa.
- Gudunmawar ma'adanai da bitamin: Mai arziki potassium, magnesium, alli, sodium da bitamin A da C, daidaita jiki da ƙarfafa rigakafi da lafiyar kashi.
- Rigakafin cututtukan zuciya da ciwon daji: Sun mallaka phenols da flavonoids, mahadi na antioxidant wanda ke kawar da radicals kyauta kuma yana kiyaye kwayoyin halitta lafiya.
- Low caloric darajar: A kowane gram 100 na cactus, kusan adadin kuzari 16 ne kawai ake cinyewa, wanda ya sa su zama abokan hulɗa. rasa nauyi da kuma haɗa abinci mai ƙarancin kalori.
- Anti-mai kumburi Properties: The quercetin da sauran phytochemicals aiki a kan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin, narkewa kamar tsarin da ciki gabobin, kariya da kuma kawar da kumburi.
- Inganta narkewar abinci da tsarin hanji: Babban abun ciki na fiber yana ba da gudummawa ga motsin hanji na yau da kullun kuma yana hana maƙarƙashiya.
Cactus da dorewa
Cacti tsirrai ne cikakke ga dorewar noma da aikin lambu godiya ga ƙarancin buƙatunsu na ruwa da daidaitarsu ga ƙasa mara kyau ko ƙasƙanci. Suna ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye ruwa da kuma ba da damar ƙirƙirar lambuna masu alhakin muhalli (xeriscaping).
Bugu da kari, suna shiga cikin kariyar ƙasa, hana zaizayar kasa, da kuma taimaka wa dawo da yankunan bushewaSauƙaƙan yaduwar su ta hanyar yankan da jurewar kwarin su ya sa su zama ingantacciyar hanyar yin ado da gyaran shimfidar wuri na yau.
Kulawa na asali da shawarwari don cacti
- Hasken ranaYawancin cacti sun fi son wuraren rana, kodayake wasu nau'ikan suna buƙatar inuwa mai tsaka-tsaki don guje wa ƙonawa.
- Sarrafa ban ruwa: Wadannan tsire-tsire ba su yarda da zubar ruwa ba. Zai fi kyau a sha ruwa da yawa kuma a bar abin da ake so ya bushe kafin a sake ƙara ruwa.
- Da kyau-drained substrate: Cakuda da yashi, ƙasa, da tsakuwa na taimakawa wajen hana ruɓewar tushen. Don tabbatar da magudanar ruwa mai kyau, bincika Mafi kyawun zaɓi don cacti da succulents.
- Temperatura: Suna bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mai dumi, amma wasu nau'in suna iya jure yanayin zafi na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
- Tukwane tare da magudanar ruwa: A koyaushe su sami ramuka don hana haɓakar danshi.
- Kariya daga kwariKo da yake suna da ƙarfi, mealybugs, fungi, mites, ko wasu kwari na iya shafa su. Dubawa akai-akai yana da mahimmanci.
Cacti sun tafi daga shuke-shuken hamada da aka manta da su zuwa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru a cikin birane da yankunan karkara. Misali ne mai rai na kerawa na yanayi da kuma kusanci tsakanin al'ada, kimiyya, da dorewa. Idan kun yanke shawarar shigar da cacti a cikin rayuwar ku, zaku ji daɗin shuka mai sauƙin kulawa, kayan ado, kuma yana ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga lafiya da muhalli.