Idan kun taɓa tunanin shuka dankalin turawa a gida don jin daɗin ɗanɗano, tuber mai wadatar abinci mai gina jiki wanda shima yayi kyau a kowane lambun birni, kun zo wurin da ya dace. Ƙaddamar da ƙaramin kusurwar lambun ku, terrace, ko ma baranda zuwa wannan amfanin gona na iya zama ba kawai mai sauƙi ba, amma har ma da ban mamaki. Ba kome ba idan kun kasance mafari ko kuma kun riga kun sami gogewa don shuka wasu kayan lambu: Dankali mai dadi yana dacewa da yanayi daban-daban kuma yanayin da yake girma yana godiya ga waɗanda suka sadaukar da ɗan kulawa da shi.
A cikin wannan labarin, za ku gano Yadda ake shuka dankali mai dadi da jin daɗin girbi a gida mataki-mataki, yin amfani da duk shawarwari da dabaru na kwararrun masu aikin lambu. Daga shirya substrate, samun cuttings ko seedlings, dasawa, shayarwa da kiyayewa, zuwa girbi da adanawa. Za ku ma koyi yadda ake amfani da tuber da ganye, da kuma gano mahimman abubuwan da ke sa girma su zama dangi ko ƙwarewar al'umma.
Halaye da fa'idodin dankalin turawa
Dankali mai dadi, wanda kuma aka sani da yam, camote ko dankalin turawa, shine a tuber asalin Amurka wanda ya yi yawo a fadin duniya tsawon shekaru aru-aru saboda dadin dandanonsa, da santsi da kimar abinci mai gina jiki. Noman sa ya dace da yanayin Bahar Rum da yanayin yanayi wanda samun girbin ku ya fi sauƙi fiye da yadda kuke tsammani.. Tushensa mai cin abinci zai iya yin nauyi daga gram 200 kawai zuwa fiye da 2 kg., ya danganta da iri-iri da kulawar da ake samu. Bugu da kari, masu siffar zuciya, koren ganye masu haske suma ana iya ci. Ana iya shirya su kamar chard ko alayyafo, suna ƙara haɓaka ga wannan amfanin gona mai ban sha'awa.
Dangane da sha, ana iya cin dankalin turawa da gasasshen, dafa, dafa, soyayye, har ma danye a wasu girke-girke. Yana da kyakkyawan madadin dankalitunda yana ba da adadi mai yawa na bitamin, ma'adanai da fiber, ban da hadaddun carbohydrates, manufa ga waɗanda ke neman kuzari da lafiya a cikin abincin yau da kullun.
Iri da kuma mafi kyau duka lokaci na namo
Akwai da yawa irin dankalin turawa, daga cikinsu akwai Beauregard da Hernandez sun fice, sun shahara saboda daidaitawa da yanayin zafi da zafi. Yana da kyau koyaushe don bincika samuwa a wurin gandun daji na gida kuma ku tambayi wanda ya fi dacewa da yankinku. Don ƙarin bayani akan nau'ikan daban-daban, zaku iya ziyartar sashinmu iri tubers.
La lokaci mafi kyau don shuka dankali mai dadi Lokacin bazara ne, lokacin da babu sauran haɗarin sanyi kuma ƙasa ta fara dumama. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa dukan sake zagayowar, daga shuka zuwa girbi, yawanci yana ɗaukar watanni 5 zuwa 6, don haka dasa shuki a cikin bazara yana tabbatar da girbi a cikin fall, kafin isowar yanayi mai tsananin sanyi.
Yadda ake samun yankan dankalin turawa mai dadi ko seedlings
Ba a dasa dankali mai dadi daga tsaba, amma daga ciyayi ko tsiro waɗanda ke fitowa daga babban tuber. Don yin shi da kanka, bi waɗannan hanyoyin:
- Germination a cikin ruwa: Sanya dankalin turawa cikakke ko rabi a cikin kwalbar ruwa, a tsaye ko a kwance. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, saiwoyi da mai tushe za su fara toho. Wannan dabarar ilimi ce kuma mai ɗaukar hankali, manufa idan kuna son ganin tushen farko ya girma.
- Tare da fiber na kwakwa: Zaki iya yanka dankalin turawa a rabi ki dora shi akan zaren kwakwa mai danshi. A cikin 'yan makonni, za ku ga ciyawar da aka shirya don dasawa, da tushe mai kyau kuma tare da ganye da yawa.
Bayan kimanin kwanaki 30, tsiron ya kamata ya sami ganye 6-10 da tushen tsawon 25-30 cm (game da kauri na fensir). Rabe su a hankali kuma a bar su na ƴan kwanaki kaɗan don gama haɓaka tushen tushe mai ƙarfi kafin dashen ƙarshe.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa da zaɓin akwati
Ƙasa shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci don nasarar amfanin gona. Dankali mai dadi ya fi son kasa haske, mai zurfi da magudanar ruwa. Yana jure wa yanayi daban-daban, amma ana samun sakamako mafi kyau a cikin ɗan yashi, ƙasa mara kyau da wadatar potassium, wanda ke son haɓakar tubers.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi don girma a gida shine a yi amfani da cakuda ƙasan lambu, yashi, da takin, koyaushe yana tabbatar da magudanar ruwa mai kyau don guje wa zubar ruwa. Idan kuna dasa a cikin tukwane, girma jakunkuna, ko akwatunan katako, tabbatar cewa suna da zurfin isa (akalla 30 cm) kuma suna da ramuka don zubar da ruwa mai yawa.
Ka guje wa ƙasa mai yawan nitrogen, saboda wannan yana ƙarfafa haɓakar ganye mai yawa don lalata tubers. Kuna iya inganta shan potassium tare da tokar itace.
Shuka: Yadda da Lokacin Shuka Shi
Lokacin da yankan ya riga ya sami tushen tushensa da ganye da yawa, lokaci yayi da za a dasa su waje ko zuwa akwati na ƙarshe. Bar sarari na kusan 30-40 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire kuma tsakanin 80 da 100 cm tsakanin layuka a cikin filin. A cikin tukwane mai zurfi, shuka a cikin triangle, girmama waɗannan wurare.
Don dogon yankan, dasa tushen a kwance a cikin ƙaramin rami mai zurfin 2-3 cm, rufe nodes don ƙarfafa samuwar sabbin tubers.
Bayan dasa, ruwa mai yawa ta yadda tushen zai iya daidaitawa da kuma kiyaye substrate m a cikin 'yan kwanaki na farko ba tare da ambaliya ba.
Kula da amfanin gona da kulawa
Dankali mai dadi shuka ne mai wuya amma yana buƙatar takamaiman kulawa wanda zai inganta girbi:
- Haske: Yana buƙatar haske mai yawa kuma yana jure wa hasken rana kai tsaye, yana haɓaka haɓakawa da haɓakar tubers.
- Ban ruwa: Rike substrate m, musamman a farkon matakai da kuma kafin girbi, ba tare da wuce haddi ruwa. Shayarwar mako-mako yawanci ya isa, kuma ana ba da shawarar shayar da ruwa don amfanin gona na gida.
- Harba pruning: Lokacin da suka kai kusan cm 10, zaku iya datse tukwici don ƙarfafa haɓakar gefe da ƙarin tubers.
- Abokin ciniki na yau da kullun: Ƙara takin zamani sau ɗaya a wata (kamar takin ko simintin tsutsa), guje wa wuce gona da iri na nitrogen.
- Cire ciyawa: Tsaftace yanki don sauƙaƙe haɓakawa da guje wa gasa don abubuwan gina jiki.
Cututtuka, kwari da ƙungiyoyin da aka ba da shawarar
Kwari da cututtuka na iya shafan dankali mai daɗi, kodayake ba yawanci suna da sauƙi ba. Mafi yawanci sune:
- Tsutsa na Waya
- Black donut
- Nematodes
- Aphids da ƙwayoyin cuta
Bincika tsire-tsire a kai a kai don gano matsaloli da wuri kuma amfani da hanyoyin da ba su dace da muhalli ba. Ana iya haɗa shi da amfanin gona mai sauri irin su radishes da arugula don amfani da sararin samaniya yayin da dankali mai dadi ke girma. Don ƙarin bayani kan kwari, ziyarci kwari masu kai hari dankali mai dadi.
Girbi da adana dankali mai dadi
La Gibi yawanci yana faruwa tsakanin watanni 5 zuwa 6 bayan shuka, a cikin kaka. Makullin sanin lokacin da lokaci yayi shine da yellowing da wilting na ganye. Bayan yanke sassan iska, bari tubers ya bushe na wasu kwanaki a cikin ƙasa.
A hankali cire dankalin turawa mai dadi, bar su su bushe na tsawon kwanaki 4-5, kuma adana su a cikin sanyi, wuri mai kyau tare da kusan 85% zafi. A guji adana su a wuraren da zafin jiki bai wuce 12 ° C ba, saboda hakan na iya lalata ingancin su da haɓaka ci gaban cututtuka.
Hakanan yana da kyau a bar su a rana na wasu sa'o'i a ajiye su a kan bambaro ko kwali don tsawaita kiyaye su.
Amfanin dafuwa da kuma amfani da shuka
Dankali mai dadi yana da yawa a cikin kicin. Kuna iya cin shi gasasshen, a cikin kirim, miya, purees, soyayyen, a cikin stews, da wuri da girke-girke mai dadi. Matasan ganye, idan dai suna da koren lafiya, ana iya dafa su ta hanyar tafasa kamar alayyafo, yana ba ku damar amfani da shuka gaba ɗaya.
Saboda dandano mai daɗi da ƙimar sinadirai masu yawa, yana da kyau madadin dankali da cikakkiyar tushen kuzari a cikin daidaitaccen abinci. Don ƙarin koyo game da girma dankali mai daɗi, zaku iya ziyarta yadda ake noman dankali mai zaki.
Shuka dankali mai dadi a gida yana haɓaka sauƙi, zagaye mai fa'ida da yawa, yana ba ku damar jin daɗin girbin ku kuma ƙara dandano da ƙimar lambun ku.