A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da aguacate Ya tafi daga zama samfuri mai ban sha'awa zuwa zama madaidaici akan teburin Mutanen Espanya. Yana ƙara zama gama gari ba kawai a manyan kantuna ba har ma a cikin shagunan 'ya'yan itace da gidajen abinci a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wannan al'amari ba wai kawai mayar da martani ne ga bukatar kasa da kasa ba, har ma da karuwar sha'awar masu amfani da gida a cikin abinci mai gina jiki da iri iri.
Wannan halin da ake ciki ya inganta sosai noman avocado a Spain, sanya ƙasar a matsayin kan gaba a cikin Tarayyar Turai da kuma na uku mafi girma a kan samar da kayayyaki a nahiyar. Duk da haka, sauyin yanayi da matsin lamba kan albarkatun ruwa suna tilasta sake yin tunani game da wurin da ake shuka shuka da kuma kula da wannan "koren zinariya."
Haɓaka avocado: adadi da haɓakawa a cikin ƙasa
Avocado ya riga ya zama babban jigon a ingantaccen juyin juya halin noma. A halin yanzu, gonakin avocado na Spain sun wuce gonakin avocado Kadada 24.000, tare da Malaga shine lardin da ke da yanki mafi girma da aka sadaukar da wannan 'ya'yan itace. Ƙaruwar buƙatu, a cikin gida da sauran ƙasashen Turai, ya sa manoma da yawa suka zaɓi maye gurbin amfanin gona na gargajiya, kamar 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus da loquats, da avocados.
Masana sun nuna cewa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata yankin da aka noma ya ninka sau takwas sannan kuma shigo da 'ya'yan itace masu zafi ya ninka girma a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da sabbin 'ya'yan itace a Spain, inda avocados da 'yan uwansu na wurare masu zafi sun riga sun kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na adadin, yana ci gaba da girma.
Gaskiyar da za a tuna: yayin da a cikin Tarayyar Turai matsakaicin amfani yana kusa kilo biyu ga kowa, a Amurka ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu, wanda ke nuna yuwuwar haɓakar kasuwannin Spain da Turai.
Andalusia a cikin haɗari saboda fari: sakamako da madadin
Andalucía Har yanzu yana jagorantar samar da ƙasa, amma yanayin yanayi mara kyau yana ƙara damuwa da sashin. Ruwan ruwa mai dorewa, karancin ruwa, da matsanancin zafi suna yin barazana ga makomar gonaki da yawa. Masu sana'a a yankin Axarquía na Malaga da Campo de Gibraltar sun yarda cewa rashin albarkatun ruwa yana tilasta musu rage furanni da sake dasa shuka gaba daya, yayin da farashin noman ruwa ke ci gaba da tashi.
Kungiyoyin kare muhalli sun yi gargadi game da overexploitation na aquifers, kamar yadda ya faru da kogin Genal, inda yawan hakowa don amfanin gonakin wurare masu zafi ke rage kwararowar ruwa tare da yin illa ga halittun yankin. Dangane da wadannan korafe-korafe, gwamnatin yankin Andalus ta tabbatar da cewa, bisa ga shirinta na ruwa, yanayin muhallin galibin ruwa yana ci gaba da kasancewa a karkashin ikonsa, tare da jaddada muhimmancin daidaita yanayin kiyaye muhalli tare da kula da fannin noma.
La matsa lamba akan ruwa da tasirin muhalli sun bude muhawara kan dorewar wannan samfurin, kuma manoma da yawa suna neman mafita a wajen al'adar Andalusian "aljanna mai zafi."
Haɓakar avocado a arewa: Galicia da Asturias azaman sabbin wuraren zama koren?
Canjin yanayi, wanda ya kawo bushewa da zafi lokacin rani zuwa kudu, ya fifita fadada avocado zuwa yankunan arewacin tsibirinGalicia da Asturias, ƙasashen da amfanin gona na wurare masu zafi ba sa taɓa su a al'ada, yanzu suna fitowa a matsayin wuraren da za a yi sabon shuka. Masana fasaha da ƙwararru daga ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar Galician suna ba da tabbacin cewa yanayi mai ɗanɗano, yanayi mai zafi na yankin ya ma fi kama da asalin mazaunin avocado fiye da kudancin Spain a yau.
A Galicia, yankin da aka noma ya ninka sau biyu a cikin shekaru biyu kacal, kuma hangen nesa shine don haɓaka ci gaba, kodayake yana da mahimmanci koyaushe a bincika cewa makircin ya cika mafi ƙarancin buƙatu: Kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa, kariyar iska, ƙasa mai iska, da samun damar yin ban ruwa a cikin watanni masu bushewa..
Asturias ba ya son a bar shi a baya: itacen avocado mafi tsufa a Turai yana zaune a can, kuma ayyukan matukin jirgi daban-daban sun nuna cewa zafi na gabar tekun Cantabrian yana ba da damar noman nau'in ko da a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi.
Sabbin kalubale da dabaru na fannin a Spain
Bangaren avocado yana fuskantar sabon kalubale Ta hanyar bincike da haɓakawa. Tun lokacin da sabon tsawaita ma'auni ya fara aiki, an ware albarkatun kuɗi don yaƙin neman zaɓe don haɓaka amfani, haɓaka bayanan yanki, ƙirƙira, da tallafawa ingantaccen gudanarwa. Kowane mai samarwa da mai siye na farko yana ba da gudummawar kuɗi daidai da samarwa, tabbatar da ci gaban sassa mai dorewa da fa'idar duk hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo.
Sashin yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa da yanayin tekun Bahar Rum, da haɓaka hanyoyin girbi bayan girbi da sufuri, da daidaita amfanin gona. Wannan yana neman hanyoyin magance matsalolin da ke haifar da sababbin yanayi na muhalli da kuma tabbatar da cewa duka samarwa da cinyewa suna ci gaba da girma ta hanyar da ta dace.
Kasancewar avocado a cikin rayuwar Mutanen Espanya na yau da kullun, a yau, ba za a iya musantawa ba. Daga hanyoyin gastronomic a kudu zuwa sabbin gonaki a arewa, gami da shawarwarin kiyayewa da girke-girke iri-iri, avocado ya riga ya kasance wani ɓangare na yanayin ƙasa da al'adun abinci. Gudanar da ruwa mai alhaki da dorewa zai zama mabuɗin kiyaye wannan kyakkyawan yanayin a nan gaba.