Bayan ɗaga akwatin ƙarshe daga lambun, kyakkyawan aikin zai fara da gaske: bayan girbi na ceri namoA cikin bishiyar ceri, wannan lokacin yana saita saurin yanayi na gaba, kuma babu juyawa. Itacen ya zo a gajiye bayan ya ba da ’ya’yan itace, tare da raguwar tanadi wanda dole ne a cika shi cikin hikima don ci gaba. kuzari, yawan aiki da juriya a lokacin zafi, fari da damuwa.
Daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki a wannan lokaci mai mahimmanci yana ba da fifiko ga bambancin furanni toho shekara mai zuwa, yana ƙarfafa tushen tsarin kuma yana inganta haƙuri ga abiotic da damuwa na biotic. Baya ga hadi na gargajiya, bionutrition yana ba da ƙari ta haɓaka lafiyar ƙasa da ingancin sha ta hanyar microorganisms masu amfani da biostimulants waɗanda ke kunna hanyoyin dabarun ilimin lissafi.
Agronomic fifiko bayan girbi ceri
Manufar farko ita ce a dawo da itacen ba tare da tilasta shi ba. Yana da kyau a maye gurbin N, P, K da microelements da aka tattara a cikin 'ya'yan itace, ko da yaushe calibrating bisa ga yanayin lambun da kayan da aka girbe sabo. Wannan sake cikawa ya kafa harsashin bishiyar don isa hunturu da isassun tanadin itace da tushen, da kuma fuskantar fashewa na gaba tare da makamashi.
Bionutrition yana shiga cikin wasa anan tare da ɗaukar fansa. Inoculants tare da babban aiki nitrogen-kayyade ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samar da ingantaccen samar da N kuma rage dogaro ga nitrogen. roba takin zamaniMisali shine amfani da Azospirillum brasilense (rauni AbV5 da AbV6) waɗanda ke cikin samfuran kamar Azokop, waɗanda ke mamaye rhizosphere ceri kuma suna canza yanayin N zuwa nau'ikan da ba za a iya kwatanta su ba, wanda a bayan girbi yana taimakawa wajen farfadowa. kuzari ba tare da wuce haddi ba da inganta ingantaccen amfani da abinci mai gina jiki.
Foliar da ƙasa hadi: jagorori da kimanin allurai
A matakin foliar, abubuwan da ke samar da nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, da abubuwan gano abubuwa irin su zinc da boron suna aiki da kyau. Wannan hanyar tana haɓaka farfadowar nama kuma tana taimakawa tara ma'auni a cikin sifofi na shekaru. A cikin layi daya, ƙasa yakamata ta sami tushe kamar ammonium nitrate ko potassium sulfate don daidaita ma'auni na gina jiki bisa ga bincike.
- Nitrogen (N): 15-25 kg / ha na tunani, wanda aka daidaita ta hanyar kaya da kuma ganewar abinci na gonar lambu.
- Phosphorus (P2O5): 10-20 kg / ha lokacin da matakin samuwa ya ragu ko kuma tushen tsarin ya raunana.
- Potassium (K2O): 20-40 kg / ha don sauƙaƙe cika ajiyar makamashi da ma'aunin osmotic.
- Micronutrients: zinc 1-2 kg/ha da boron 0,5-1 kg/ha, maɓalli don bambancin fure da ingancin toho.
Ko menene shirin, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da wuri-daman bayan girbi-kuma a ci gaba da shi har zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu, tare da sa ido ga girbi. ajiyar ajiya har sai "faɗuwar jaket" (kusan kwanaki 35 bayan tsiro) ba tare da azabtar da furanni ba.
Gudanar da ban ruwa bayan girbi da dabarun ruwa
Ruwa shine lefa don sanyaya shuka, tallafawa photosynthesis, da motsa abubuwan gina jiki ba tare da haifar da haɓakar marigayi ba. A cikin girbi, ƙa'idar da ke aiki ita ce kiyaye lokacin ban ruwa da daidaitawa kawai yawan motsi don cimma zurfin da kyau oxygenation. Dogayen ban ruwa na bayanin martaba-jikewa yawanci suna da tasiri fiye da gajarta, ban ruwa mara zurfi.
Lokacin ban ruwa na ƙarshe yakamata a daidaita shi da ilimin halittar bishiyar. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ana ba da shawarar a gama tsakanin Maris 30 da Afrilu 5 don guje wa tsoma baki tare da leaf fall da dormancyIdan hunturu ya bushe, kuna buƙatar sake tunani game da shirin ku don kwaikwayi lokacin hunturu, amma koyaushe ba tare da karya la'akarin lokacin hutu ba.
Don daidaitawa, yana da kyau yin aiki da ruwa bisa ga abin da ƙasa da yanayi ke nema: haɗa ET0 da Kc Tare da karatun binciken danshi, wannan yana taimakawa tabbatar da cewa ba ku cika- ko ƙarƙashin ruwa ba. A cikin ƙasa maras kyau ko magudanar ruwa, masu ruwa da tsaki na ban ruwa suna haɓaka riƙewa, faɗaɗa rigar kwan fitila, kuma suna taimakawa kawar da gishiri, rage asarar ɓarna da haɓaka haɓaka. ban ruwa-taki yadda ya dace.
pruning bazara, tsarin alfarwa da ma'aunin kuzari
Bayan girbi, haske, yankan tiyata yana rage rashin lafiya ko itace mara kyau, yana sarrafa inuwa mai yawa, yana haɓaka shigar haske da iska. Wannan daidaitawa inganta kiwon lafiya da kuma inganta samuwar igiyoyi masu amfani da darts inganci don yakin neman zabe na gaba.
Manufar ba shine a tube itacen ba, amma don daidaita ciyayi da ci gaba: buɗe alfarwa, gyara giciye da sabuntawa akan lokaci don shuka ya saka hannun jari a ciki. da-daban-daban flower buds kuma ba a cikin marigayi sprouting cewa rage reserves.
Lafiyar ƙasa da microbiota mai aiki
Kasa ita ce ingin boye. Bayan girbi, injina da zirga-zirga na iya haɗa shi; don haka a zaɓaɓɓen scarification don mayar da porosity da sauƙaƙe kutsawa. Haɓakawa tare da gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta (takin da aka yi da kyau, balagagge taki) yana sake kunna ilimin halitta kuma yana inganta tsari da ƙarfin musayar.
Rufin shuka tsakanin tituna, idan aka gudanar da shi cikin adalci, yana hana zaizayar ƙasa, yana ba da kwayoyin halitta, kuma yana ba da mafaka ga maƙiyan halitta. Idan aka sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita zafin ƙasa. daidaita zafi a cikin lokuta masu mahimmanci na zafi.
Inoculation tare da Mycorrhizae da shuka kwayoyin ci gaban da ke haɓaka tushen Accounter, kuma inganta p da Micronutrient Uptake. Hattara da rashin son kai amfani da m agrochemicals, saboda abokan tarayya a cikin rhizosphere za a iya shafe su kuma za a iya rinjayar juriya na tsarin.
Na'urar kwandishan ƙasa mai gajeriyar ƙwayoyin sarƙoƙi, irin su Promesol 5X, yana taimakawa wajen sake fasalin bayanan martaba da haɓaka iska da riƙe danshi a cikin 'yan makonni kaɗan, yana haifar da ƙarin aiki da zurfin tushen tusheA haƙiƙa, ƙyale yawancin tushen tsarin don bincika ƙasan ƙasa (har zuwa 90 cm) madaidaicin matakan zafin jiki kuma yana daidaita samar da ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki.
Damuwar zafi na bazara: rigakafi da kayan aiki
A lokacin rani, itatuwan ceri suna girma tsakanin 20 zuwa 26 ° C. Sama da wannan zafin jiki, stomata yana kusa, ƙimar photosynthesis yana raguwa, kuma numfashi yana ƙaruwa, tare da haɗarin bushewar ganye da faɗuwar ganye. Wannan haɗin yana rage ikon samar da tanadi kuma yana iya haifar da rashin lafiyar fure wanda zai haifar da 'ya'yan itace sau biyu a kakar wasa ta gaba.
Don rage wannan, gyaran ban ruwa da ake buƙata shine layin farko na tsaro. Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da hasken rana kafin girbi da bayan girbi yana haifar da shinge ta jiki daga hasken UV yayin babban taga bambancin fure (kwana 30-40 bayan girbi). Ana ba da shawarar waɗannan gabaɗaya a wannan matakin. aikace-aikace guda uku kowane kwanaki 15; kuma, a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, zaɓi masu kariya marasa launi don guje wa hana motsin masu sarrafa mite.
Daga cikin foliar biosolutions, physioactivators irin su OPTIMAT sun tsaya a waje, tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, amino acid na shuka, folcysteine, N da K. Wadannan nau'o'in suna kunna amsawar anti-danniya: overexpression na kwayoyin da ke hade da zafi, tsari na Farashin CaCMCL Don daidaita stomata, danna aquaporin PIP genes don riƙe ruwa, daidaita chlorophyll, da haɓaka ayyukan antioxidant. A cikin bishiyar ceri, wannan aikin yana haifar da ƙarancin lalacewa da ingantacciyar ci gaban photosynthesis a yankin. mafi zafi na shekara.
Tushen ƙarfafawa da tarawa na tanadi
Tushen ba kawai sha ba; suna samar da amino acid, kwayoyin da ajiyar ajiya (kamar arginine) waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don saitawa da tsiro a kakar wasa ta gaba. Bayan girbi, yana da mahimmanci don kunna haɓakar su mai kyau (gashin gashi) da ƙarfin ajiyar su.
A rooting physioactivator amfani ta hanyar hadi, kamar PILATUS, yana inganta "auxinic cascade" wanda ke motsa matasa, tushen aiki. Haɗuwa da abubuwan da suka samo asali, amino acid na shuka, zinc, da potassium yana ƙarfafa rhizosphere kuma yana fifita haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa. A cikin gwaje-gwaje na baya-bayan nan akan nau'ikan Regina (kamfen 2023-2024), wannan tsarin yana da alaƙa da haɓaka mai yawa. arginine a cikin asalinsu, alama mai kyau na babban tanadi don farkon kakar wasa ta gaba.
Don sigina ga shuka cewa lokaci ya yi da za a adana (kuma ba ci gaba da shimfiɗa ciyayi ba), yana da amfani don "juyar da ajiyar" a ƙarshen lokacin rani: aikace-aikace tare da molybdenum A cikin cakuda cytokinin tun daga ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, sau uku yana wucewa kowane kwana bakwai, yana taimakawa aika photoassimilates zuwa tushen, itace da darts, da haɓaka ingancin tsarin haihuwa da wacce ake shiga hutu.
Kariyar phytosanitary bayan girbi
Cututtuka: ƙarfafa kariya da yanke inoculation
A cikin lambunan gonaki tare da babban matsin lamba, yana da kyau a kunna kariya tare da inducers na juriya da amfani da elicitors (misali, phosphites) don kiyaye shuka "a kan tsaro". A cikin ƙayyadaddun cututtuka da kuma ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin fasaha, ana iya amfani da maganin rigakafi tare da dagewar da aka sani (kamar kasugamycin ko gentamicin na tushen haɗin gwiwa) a farkon girbi, tare da gajeren tagogin amfani (har zuwa tsakiyar Janairu), ko da yaushe mutunta. rubuce-rubuce da ayyuka masu kyau.
A kan Pseudomonas syringae (ciwon daji na kwayan cuta) da fungi na itace, ana ba da shawarar shiga tsakani nan da nan bayan girbi: ana ba da shawarar jiyya a cikin haushi da mashigin pruning tare da m-bakan fungicides, haɗe tare da dabarun kashe ƙwayoyin cuta lokacin da ganewar asali ya ba da izini. Kwayoyin cuta da fungi na itace sukan bayyana a cikin haɗin gwiwa, don haka shirin ya kamata ya magance bangarorin biyu.
Phytophagous mites: sa ido da jujjuya hanyoyin aiki
"gizo-gizo" suna haifar da haifuwa da zafi: sama da 25 ° C za su iya kammala tsara a cikin kwanaki bakwai. Samun kusanci zuwa bakin kofa yana buƙatar sa ido akai-akai da yanke shawara mai sauri. Rukuni na 6 (IRAC) acaricides, kamar abamectin ko milbemectinSuna da aikin fassara kuma suna da kyau a cikin girbi kafin girbi; tasirin su yana raguwa bayan girbi idan aikin shuka ya ragu, don haka dole ne a daidaita dabarun kuma, idan matsin lamba ya buƙaci shi, maimaita kowane kwanaki 15 ko bisa ga ƙidaya.
Wani mummunan hari yana lalata, yana haifar da girma mara lokaci kuma yana rage ƙarfin photosynthesis a cikin maɓalli na lokacin tarawa, tare da tasiri kai tsaye inganci da dawowar fure daga yakin neman zabe na gaba. Haɗa sarrafa ilimin halitta, ƙofa, da jujjuyawar MOA yana taimakawa kiyaye yawan jama'a.
Sikelin San Jose: yana kai hari ga taga nymphs masu ƙaura
Tsakanin Janairu 20 da Fabrairu 20 (daidaita ta wurin yanki da saka idanu), kalaman na biyu na nymphs na ƙaura yana faruwa. Wannan shine lokacin da ya dace don ingantaccen sarrafa sinadarai. Kwaro yana da babban abin da ya faru. iyawar haihuwa kuma ci gabanta yana da mahimmanci idan ba a dauki mataki ba a kowane tsararraki, don haka daidaito a cikin duk windows na yanayi yana haifar da bambanci.
Weeds da macizai: oda a cikin layin bishiyar
Kafin tsarin herbicides, wani inji iko na macizai yana hana sha maras so kuma yana rage rawar da suke takawa ga kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta. Bayan girbi, "ciyawar ciyawa" da aka yi niyya ta fito da ciyawa kuma, don ciyawa masu jure wa glyphosate (damisa goro, karas, Conyza), maganin ciyawa. lamba Kayan aiki ne masu amfani a cikin shirye-shirye masu juyawa tare da isasshen ɗaukar hoto.
Kula da danshi da kuma ganewar abinci mai gina jiki
Binciken ɗanshi a zurfafa daban-daban yana ba ku damar ganin ainihin abin da ke faruwa a cikin bayanan martaba kuma daidaita canje-canje da zanen gado ba tare da makanta ba. nazarin ƙasa A ƙarshen yaƙin neman zaɓe kuma, idan zai yiwu, ƙarin nazarin foliar, yana jagorantar gyare-gyare masu kyau na shirin hadi bayan girbi da farkon kakar wasa ta gaba.
Mabuɗin kalanda bayan girbi da masana ilimin halitta
Bayan girbi yana farawa a ƙarshen girbi, ba lokacin da hunturu ya fara ba. Daga Disamba 20th, lokacin photoperiod ya ƙare kuma itacen ceri yana dakatar da ci gaban ciyayi, yana farawa. lignification a gindin rassan shekara: wannan shine alamar cewa an fara shirye-shiryen barci. Idan wannan tsari ya jinkirta, shuka ya ci gaba da amfani da carbohydrates don girma kuma yana rage yawan tara ajiya don yakin neman zabe na gaba.
Ban ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki, rage damuwa na zafi, lafiya, da sarrafa ƙasa duk sun taru a cikin manufa guda ɗaya: isa ga hutun amfanin gona tare da ɓangarorin furen fure, kafa mai tushe, da ajiyar da ke dawwama har sai faɗuwar jaket/jaket. Samun wannan matakin daidai-daga gyare-gyaren ruwa zuwa abinci mai gina jiki - shine farkon girbi na gaba, kuma yana da mahimmanci a bi su sosai don tabbatarwa. m kwanciyar hankali shekara bayan shekara.
Nasarar a cikin gonakin ceri bayan girbi yana buƙatar cikakken tsari: ban ruwa na lokaci mai kyau don kwantar da iskar oxygenate gonar gona, daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke goyan bayan bionutrition (Azospirillum, mycorrhizae, da physioactivators irin su OPTIMAT ko PILATUS), mai rai da tsarin ƙasa, daidaitaccen matakan rigakafin damuwa, da kuma sarrafa physsionary. Lokacin da duk wannan ya kasance a wurin, gonar lambun ta shiga cikin hunturu tare da babban tanadi. yolks masu inganci da tsarin tushen aiki wanda zai ci gaba da tsiro mai ƙarfi da fure iri ɗaya a kakar wasa ta gaba.
