Furen Amancay ya burge jama'a da al'adun Kudancin Amurka na tsararraki., ba kawai don kyawunsa mai ban sha'awa ba, har ma don zurfin alamar da ke tattare da shi da kuma kasancewarsa a cikin aikin lambu da yanayin yanayi.. Ko yin ado da tsaunin Patagonia, tatsuniyoyi masu ban sha'awa na ƙauna da ba za a iya yiwuwa ba, ko zama alamar birane da bukukuwa, Amancay ya fi fure mai sauƙi: tarihin rayuwa ne da al'adun gargajiya.
A cikin wannan babban labarin za mu nutse cikin duk abubuwan da suka dace da ban sha'awa na furen Amancay: asalinsa na botanical, rarraba yanki, ma'ana da tatsuniyoyi, kaddarorin magani, dabarun noma da kula da lambu, rawar da yake takawa a cikin shahararru da al'adun fasaha, da kalubalen kiyaye shi. Za ku gano, tare da zurfin tunani da haɗin kai, dalilin da ya sa wannan furen na musamman ya ci gaba da sha'awar Argentina, Chile, Peru, da ƙari.
Asalin, ilimin taxonomy da halayen Botanical na Amancay
Amancay ya yi daidai da nau'in Alstroemeria aurea da Alstroemeria patagonica, duka 'yan asalin Kudancin Amurka kuma daga dangin Alstroemeriaceae. Ko da yake akwai daban-daban sunaye da bambance-bambancen karatu, kasancewarsa alama ce a cikin yankin Andean-Patagonian na Argentina da Chile, da kuma a cikin tuddai na bakin teku na tsakiyar yankin Peru, inda aka sani da suna. Amancae flower o Amancaes.
Wadannan shuke-shuke suna halin da perennial, rhizomatous herbaceous bayyanar., wanda ke ba su damar tsira daga matsanancin yanayin da suke zaune. Sun kai tsayin daka daga 40 zuwa 150 cm, dangane da nau'in da yanayi. Its elongated, lanceolate ganye, haske kore, an shirya a kan sauki mai tushe. Flowering, daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali, yana faruwa a lokacin rani a Patagonia (tsakanin Disamba da Maris) da kuma a ƙarshen Yuni a Peru, yana samar da inflorescences na rawaya, orange da, a cikin wasu nau'ikan, ja ko fari.
Furen Amancay galibi suna nuna jijiya ko zaren jajaye, kuma tsarin ƙahonsu- ko tsarin mazurari yana ba shi wannan siffa ta musamman wacce ta bambanta ta da sauran lili. Itacen yana tsiro ne daga rhizomes na ƙasa waɗanda ke tattara abubuwan gina jiki kuma suna ba shi damar yin girma bayan lokacin sanyi ko lokacin rani. Bugu da kari, Amancay yana samar da capsules tare da tsaba baƙar fata, kuma yana da ikon yaduwa ta tsaba da kuma rarraba rhizomes.
Furen Amancay yana da karbuwa mai ban mamaki: a lokacin lokutan mara kyau (hunturu a kudu, lokacin rani a arewa), sashin iska ya ɓace kuma shuka yana tsira a ƙarƙashin ƙasa., tara ƙarfi don fashe cikin fure a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci amma mai tsanani.
Rarraba yanki da wuraren zama na Amancay
Rarraba dabi'ar Amancay ya ƙunshi yankuna da yawa na Kudancin Amurka, waɗanda aka gano galibi a cikin Argentine da Chilean Patagonia, da kuma a tsakiyar bakin tekun Peru.
A cikin Patagonia, Alstroemeria aurea yana rufe manyan yankuna na gandun daji na Andean a lokacin bazara bariloche, da Nahuel Huapi National Park, wuraren shakatawa na Lanín da Los Alerces, suna kaiwa ga Patagonia steppe (daga Neuquén zuwa Santa Cruz da Tierra del Fuego). Yana bunƙasa a cikin kwaruruka, tuddai, gefen titi da ƙasa mai yashi, har ma a tsayin daka daga matakin teku zuwa mita 900.
En Chile, Amancay kuma alama ce ta fure-fure, tare da yalwar kasancewar yankin gandun daji na Andean da kuma dacewa a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa na birane. Don ƙarin koyo game da tsire-tsire masu furanni masu rawaya, zaku iya ziyarta Tsire-tsire masu furanni masu launin rawaya.
en el Peru, Flor de Amancae yana cike da tuddai na bakin teku na Lima da yankunan da ke kusa, inda furannin hunturu na hunturu ya zana tsaunukan babban birnin da kewaye da rawaya, bukukuwa masu ban sha'awa da kiɗa na Creole.
Yawanci, Amancay ya fi son ƙasa mai yashi, yashi ko yashi-loam tare da wasu kwayoyin halitta da sanyi zuwa yanayin yanayin zafi inda lokacin rani yake da ɗanɗano don ƙarfafa toho da haɓaka fure.
Ma'anar furen Amancay da wurinsa a cikin almara
Amancay ko da yaushe an lulluɓe shi cikin yanayin sirri da soyayya, yana ƙirƙira mahimmancinsa a cikin shahararrun labarai da tatsuniyoyi na Andes da bakin tekun Peruvian. Ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi mafi yaɗuwa sun fito ne daga kudancin Argentina da Chile, inda suke da alaƙa da kabilar Vuriloche (asalin Bariloche na yau).
Bisa ga labarin gargajiya, Amancay yarinya ce mai tawali'u, mai ƙauna da Quintral, ɗan sarki. Lokacin da wani baƙon rashin lafiya ya addabi ƙabilar kuma ya yi rashin lafiya mai tsanani, budurwar ta shiga cikin tsaunuka don nemo furen rawaya wanda, a cewar Machi, zai iya cece shi. Bayan samunsa a saman Dutsen Tronador, ya fuskanci condor, mai kula da kololuwa, wanda ke buƙatar zuciyarsa a matsayin farashi. Amancay, yana son yin komai don ƙauna, ya yarda. Condor yana ɗaukar zuciyarsa da fure a gaban alloli; Daga ɗigon jininta, an haifi furannin zinariya tare da jajayen aibobi, alamar ƙauna da sadaukarwa marar iyaka. Tun daga nan, "Duk wanda ya ba da fure daga Amancay, ya ba da zuciyarsa".
Wannan labarin ya kara rura wutar fahimtar Amancay a matsayin furen soyayya na gaskiya, sadaukarwa da mika wuya ba tare da wani sharadi ba. Ya zama kyauta mai cike da ma'anar soyayya da ruhaniya, mai iya isar da zurfafa tunani ba tare da kalmomi ba.
En Peru, Amancay ko Amancae kuma yana da alama mai ƙarfi. Alamar Lima ce kuma alama ce ta hunturu, haihuwa, da bege, wanda ke wakiltar kyawawan dabi'un da ke ƙawata birnin na 'yan kwanaki a shekara.
Tatsuniyoyi da waƙoƙin Creole irin su Chabuca Granda's "José Antonio," waƙar Neruda, da kuma tarihin tarihin Hispanic sun ci gaba da nuna hoton Amancay a matsayin sihiri, furen kakanni, da alaka da asalin Kudancin Amirka, wuri mai faɗi, da al'adu.
Kaddarorin magani da amfanin gargajiya na Amancay
Ba wai kawai ana sha'awar Amancay don kyawunta da alamarta ba: al'ummomin ƴan asali da na karkara sun yi amfani da al'adar maganinta da abubuwan gina jiki.
- Anti-mai kumburi da analgesic effects: Tun zamanin d ¯ a ana amfani da ganye da tushen Amancay a cikin jiko don magance kumburi, tsoka da ciwon haɗin gwiwa, da kuma ƙananan ciwon kai, ciwon kai, da wasu yanayin fata.
- Kaddarorin hanta: A cikin kudancin Andes, an danganta shi tare da tasiri mai kariya akan hanta da kuma ikon taimakawa ƙwannafi. Ana ba da shawarar a cikin decoctions masu haske, ƙarƙashin kulawar gargajiya.
- Aikace-aikace na waje: Ana amfani da jiko mai sanyi na furanninta a matsayin wakili na kwantar da hankali ga lahanin fata da yanayin ido, musamman lokacin da ake zargin asalin cuta ko rashin lafiyan.
- Rhizomes masu cin abinci: Ana iya wanke tubers da kyau kuma an dafa shi, ana iya cinye shi a soya, ko dafa shi, kuma ana fitar da sitaci mai gina jiki.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa amfani da magungunan gargajiya na Amancay baya maye gurbin shawarwarin likita na kwararru. Kowace al'ada ta daidaita iliminta game da shuka da sassa masu amfani (flower, ganye, rhizome), ciki har da su a cikin shayi na ganye, poultices, da kuma, na musamman, a cikin abincin karkara.
Matsayin Amancay a cikin aikin lambu: noma, kulawa da ƙimar ado
Amancay ya sami gata a cikin aikin lambu, a cikin wuraren jama'a da lambuna masu zaman kansu, godiya ga furanni masu launuka da yawa, kauri, da sauƙin noman sa.
Daga cikin manyan dalilan da suka sanya shi a manufa ornamental shuka Su ne:
- Fure mai fashewa da bayyanuwa, tare da rawaya, orange, ja ko fari petals, wanda ke kawo farin ciki da haske ga lambun.
- Sauƙaƙan noma a cikin ƙasa mai laushi mai wadatar kwayoyin halitta.
- Daidaitawa zuwa yanayin sanyi da matsananciyar yanayi, yana tsayayya da sanyi mai matsakaicin godiya saboda girman rhizomatous na ƙasa.
- Amfani a matsayin yankan shuka ga bouquets da kuma shirye-shiryen furanni, saboda karko da sabo na furanninta.
- Muhimmancin muhalli ta hanyar jawo masu pollinators irin su kudan zuma da malam buɗe ido, suna ba da gudummawa ga bambancin halittu na gida.
Menene kulawa da buƙatun girma Amancay a gonar?
- Location: Ya fi son wuraren rana ko wurare masu inuwa, musamman a yanayin zafi sosai.
- Falo: Sandy loam, da magudanar ruwa, tare da kwayoyin halitta da dan kadan acidic pH (kimanin 6,5).
- Ban ruwa: Yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun yayin girma da fure, ba tare da ambaliya da substrate ba.
- Yankan: Yana da kyau a cire furanni masu bushewa don ƙarfafa sabbin furanni da rarraba rhizomes kowane ƴan shekaru don hana ƙarancin ƙasa.
- Yawa: Yana iya haifuwa biyu ta hanyar rarraba rhizomes da ta tsaba. Rarraba yana da kyau a cikin bazara ko kaka, ta yin amfani da ɓangarorin da aka haɓaka da lafiya.
- Kariya: Yana da kyawawa don kare rhizomes a cikin yankunan da tsananin sanyi da sarrafa harin fungi ko kwari na lokaci-lokaci.
- Haihuwa: Yana buƙatar allurai masu kyau na potassium da nitrogen yayin lokacin haɓakawa, ta amfani da taki mai ruɓe ko daidaitaccen taki.
Amancay yana da ƙima musamman a cikin ayyukan gyaran gyare-gyaren dabi'a, lambunan daji da gyaran muhalli, saboda tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma iyawar da yake da ita a cikin yanayin da ba a shiga tsakani ba. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da shi a cikin lambunan birane yana ba da gudummawa ga adana ƙwaƙwalwar dabbobi da al'adu na yankuna kamar Patagonia da Lima.
Irin Amancay da bambancin chromatic
Wadatar siffofi da launuka a cikin jinsin Alstroemeria yana da ban mamaki, kuma Amancay ba banda. A cikin aikin lambu, duka biyu na daji da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi suna kasuwa ne, suna ba da damar launi mai launi da kuma babban abu mai kyau.
- Yellow Amancay: Shi ne mafi yawan iri-iri, irin na Patagonia da tuddai na Lima, tare da furanni masu launin zinari ko orange-rawaya da jajayen jijiya.
- Red Amancay: Akwai cultivars tare da zurfin ja ko sautunan orange, mai kima sosai a cikin kayan ado na fure.
- White Amancay: Ƙananan na kowa, amma daidai da ban mamaki a cikin lambuna tare da sautuna masu laushi ko bambanta.
- Blue Amancay (a cikin fasaha): Wasu zane-zane da nassoshi na fasaha sun ambaci "Blue Amancay," na'urar wakoki maimakon ainihin nau'in tsirrai.
Zaɓin nau'in da ya dace yana ba Amancay damar daidaitawa da nau'ikan ƙirar shimfidar wuri daban-daban, daga gadaje na furen rana da kan iyakoki zuwa makiyayar daji da manyan wuraren rokoki.
Amancay a cikin shahararrun al'adu, fasaha da al'adu
Kasancewar Amancay ya ƙarfafa shagali, waƙoƙi, adabi, har ma da takardun banki da tambura a Kudancin Amurka.
A Lima, da Bikin Amancaes Ya kasance, har zuwa karni na 10, daya daga cikin shahararrun abubuwan da suka faru a kalandar Lima: farati, raye-raye da abinci na yau da kullum a karshen watan Yuni a cikin tuddai masu fure-fure. Al'adar tana rayuwa a cikin hoton birni: Amancay ya bayyana akan sabbin takardun banki guda XNUMX na Peru tare da hoton Chabuca Granda, da kuma alamun abubuwan da suka faru kamar Lima Pan American Games.
A Argentina da Chile, Amancay jigo ne na gama gari a cikin tatsuniyoyi, waltzes, labarun wakoki, da rubutun marubuta. Ana nunawa a cikin ayyukan marubuta irin su Bernabé Cobo, Charles Darwin, da Pablo Neruda, da kuma a cikin bayanan baka waɗanda ke jaddada halayen soyayya da haɗin kai da yanayin kudanci.
Hakanan Amancay yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yawon shakatawa na gida.: hanyoyin tafiye-tafiye, balaguron ilimin halittu da wuraren kariya kamar su Challhuaco Valley a Bariloche da kuma Lachay Hill A Peru, suna jan hankalin baƙi masu sha'awar ganin furanni da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan da suka shafi kiyayewa da ilimin muhalli.
Kiyaye, barazana da kariya ga Amancay
Duk da juriyarsu da daidaitawa, yawan mutanen Amancay sun ragu sosai a wasu wurare kuma ana ɗaukar su masu rauni a yankuna da yawa.
Babban barazanar da furen Amancay ke fuskanta sune:
- Ci gaban birane da faɗaɗa aikin gona: A Lima, ƙauyuka da ba a kula da su ba, gine-gine ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da kuma mamaye ƙasar sun lalata manyan wuraren tsaunuka, tare da hana wuraren zama na furen Amancae.
- Yawan hakowa da girbi mara ganuwa: Yanke furanni da kuma kawar da tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya, wanda ke motsa shi ta hanyar roƙon ado, ya rage yawancin yawan daji.
- Ayyukan kiwo da kiwo mai tsanani: A Patagonia, matsin lamba daga dabbobi da amfanin gonaki sun canza kwaruruka da dazuzzuka inda Amancay ke bunƙasa.
- Canjin yanayi: Abubuwan al'amura irin su El Niño suna shafar fure da 'ya'yan itace, suna rage yawan yaduwa da iyawar haihuwa.
- Rashin kula da pollination: Bacewar ƙudan zuma da malam buɗe ido yana shafar pollination kuma, sabili da haka, rayuwar nau'in.
Martanin hukumomi da kungiyoyin farar hula ya fito karara: ƙirƙira wuraren da aka kayyade, haɓaka wuraren kiwo, yaƙin neman zaɓe na ilimi, da shirye-shiryen maido da muhalli. Misalai na nasara sun haɗa da yankin "Lomas de Quebrada Río Seco" mai zaman kansa a Lima, da Amancay Sanctuary, da dokokin gundumar Bariloche da suka hana fitar da wannan furen. Shiga cikin yawon shakatawa da binciken kimiyya sune mahimman abubuwa don tabbatar da rayuwar Amancay da kewayenta.
Amancay a yau: kalubale da gaba
A yau, Amancay ya kasance dutse mai daraja na halitta da al'adu a Kudancin Amirka, amma yana fuskantar ƙalubalen jurewa a cikin yanayi mai canzawa. Ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da ƙimar gadonsu, haɓaka yawon shakatawa mai dorewa, da haɗa ayyukan da suka dace a cikin lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, da gandun daji suna da mahimmanci don haɗa jin daɗinsu da kariyarsu. A matakin al'umma, ayyuka kamar rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, kare masu yin pollinators, da tallafawa ayyukan kiyayewa matakai ne masu sauƙi amma masu tasiri don kiyaye makomar wannan furen fure.
A lokaci guda, Amancay ya ci gaba da haifar da ƙirƙira na masu fasaha, masu aikin lambu, da masu son yanayi, yana ƙarfafa sabbin tsararraki don kulawa da bikin gadon furen nahiyar.
Ta wannan hanyar, furen Amancay yana riƙe da magnetism ɗinsa daidai, yana ba da kyawawan dabi'u, alamar ƙauna marar iyaka, da sadaukarwar al'ummomin da suka sami nasarar fassara sha'awarsu zuwa aiki don tabbatar da dawwama a cikin shimfidar wuri da kuma cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
