La anthocyanosis yanayin shuka ne da zai iya haifarwa discoloration a kan ganye, da sauran alamomin da ke da alaƙa da chlorophyll. Sau da yawa yana rikicewa tare da wasu matsalolin ilimin lissafi, amma a zahiri saboda a rashin daidaituwa a cikin matakan anthocyanin a cikin tsire-tsire. Wannan fili, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga launin furanni da ganye, zai iya samar da wasu sautunan ja, blue da violet dangane da pH na muhalli.
Ana lura da wannan al'amari a cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban, amma yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar yadda yake shafar kowace shuka da abin da za mu iya yi don hana ko gyara tasirinta. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu rushe halayen anthocyanosis, yadda za a gane shi, da kuma matakan da za mu iya ɗauka don kare amfanin gonakinmu.
Menene anthocyanosis?
Anthocyanosis yana nufin bayyanar jiki na yawan tarawa anthocyanins a kan ganyen shuka. Anthocyanins pigments ne na dangin flavonoid kuma suna da alhakin ja, shuɗi da launin shuɗi a yawancin tsire-tsire. Lokacin da waɗannan pigments suka taru, suna iya sa ganye su zama ja ko ja, musamman a wasu yanayi na muhalli kamar yanayin sanyi o damuwa mai gina jiki.
Ana yawan ganin wannan al'amari a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan irin su Avena sativa (kayan hatsi), da kuma cikin sauran tsire-tsire na ado. Canjin launin ganyen wata alama ce da ke nuna shukar tana fuskantar wani nau'in damuwa ko kuma ana canza yanayinta.
Anthocyanins da rawar su a cikin tsire-tsire
da anthocyanins Su ne mahimman mahadi a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke aiki galibi azaman pigments. Duk da haka, aikinsa bai iyakance ga launi ba kawai. Anthocyanins kuma suna taimakawa kare shuke-shuke daga ultraviolet radiation da lalacewar oxidative. Bugu da ƙari, aikin su na kariya, suna da rawar kariya, tun da tsananin launin su na iya jawo hankali masu pollinators ko hana wasu shuke-shuke.
A ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace, anthocyanins suna cikin daidaituwa a cikin shuka. Duk da haka, tare da rashin isasshen zafin jiki, pH da sauran abubuwan muhalli, metabolism yana canzawa, kuma mun fara ganin alamun bayyanar cututtuka na anthocyanosis, irin su. discoloration na ganye.
Anthocyanidins daban-daban
Akwai nau'ikan daban-daban na anthocyanidins, wanda shine nau'in aglycone na anthocyanins. Kowane nau'in anthocyanidin yana samar da launi daban-daban a cikin tsire-tsire. Daga cikin na kowa za mu samu:
- Cyanidin: Yana samar da sautuna ja ko shunayya a cikin tsire-tsire.
- Delphinidin: Dangantaka da sautunan shuɗi a cikin tsire-tsire.
- Malvidina: Mai alhakin m launuka a cikin furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
- Pelargonidine: Yana samar da launuka orange ko kifi.
Masanin kimiyya Richard Willstätter shine farkon wanda ya bayyana yadda canje-canje a cikin pH zai iya shafar launin anthocyanins. Dangane da ko yanayin ya kasance fiye da acidic ko fiye da alkaline, Anthocyanins na iya canza launi, wanda zai haifar da launin ja, purple ko bluish sautunan da muka saba gani a cikin tsire-tsire da cutar anthocyanosis ya shafa.
Tsire-tsire da suka shafi anthocyanosis
Hoton - Wikimedia / Mokkie
La anthocyanosis Ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin nau'in shuka. Wasu daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sun hada da:
- Avena sativa (Oats na ado), wanda da sauri yana nuna alamun rashin launi.
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kamar blueberry da kuma ceri, wanda ke gabatar da sanannen tarin anthocyanins.
- Tsire-tsire masu ado irin su pelargonium y Dahlia, wanda ke haɓaka launuka masu tsananin gaske saboda manyan matakan anthocyanins.
A cikin waɗannan da sauran tsire-tsire, anthocyanosis na kowa lokacin da aka fallasa tsire-tsire matsalolin muhalli, kamar tsawan lokaci ga sanyi, rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko rashin isasshen hasken rana.
Tasirin anthocyanosis akan tsarin rigakafi na shuka
Abin sha'awa, da anthocyanins da alama yana da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da kariyar tsarin rigakafi na shuke-shuke. Bincike daban-daban sun nuna cewa yawan amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu arziki a cikin anthocyanins, irin su blueberries ko inabi, na iya inganta garkuwar jiki. A cikin tsire-tsire, anthocyanins suna da irin wannan sakamako, suna taimakawa wajen inganta juriya ga yanayi mara kyau.
Koyaya, haɓakawa da yawa na iya zama cutarwa yayin da yake tsoma baki tare da photosynthesis da sauran muhimman matakai a cikin ganyayyaki.
Gabaɗaya, tsire-tsire suna haɓaka anthocyanins azaman martani na kariya ga nau'ikan iri daban-daban matsalolin muhalli, kuma yayin da a wasu yanayi waɗannan suna da amfani, lokacin da yanayi ya wuce kima, shuka ba zai iya kula da ginin ba kuma anthocyanosis yana shafar shi.
Yadda ake yin rigakafi da magance anthocyanosis
Don hana tsire-tsire daga tasowa anthocyanosis, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa yanayin girma shine koyaushe isasshe kuma daidaitacce. Wasu shawarwarin da za su iya taimakawa hana fara wannan yanayin sun haɗa da:
- Samar da isasshen hasken rana, saboda rashin shi zai iya haifar da canjin anthocyanin metabolism.
- Tabbatar cewa shuka ya sami isassun kayan aiki abinci mai gina jiki, musamman potassium, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsari.
- Guji sanyi ko matsanancin yanayin zafi, wanda zai iya haifar da tarin anthocyanins a cikin ganyayyaki.
Da zarar shuka ta bunkasa anthocyanosis, yana da mahimmanci don shiga tsakani da sauri. Dangane da tsananin yanayin, zaku iya gwada daidaita ƙasa pH ko samar da a takamaiman kari na gina jiki.
Anthocyanosis wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa wanda, ko da yake yana iya zama mai tsanani, sau da yawa yana nuna cewa shuka yana ƙoƙarin kare kansa. Gane alamun da wuri da yin gyare-gyaren da suka dace ga yanayin muhalli na iya taimakawa tsire-tsire su murmure kuma su ci gaba da girma da ƙarfi da lafiya. Koyaushe tuna don kimanta abubuwa kamar haske, pH da abubuwan gina jiki, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don hana irin wannan rashin daidaituwa.